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Neither Good Nor Bad
When confronted by a range of violent actions perpetrated by lone individuals, contemporary society exhibits a constant tendency to react in terms of helpless, even perplexed horror. Seeking explanations for the apparently inexplicable, commentators often hurry to declare the perpetrators as “evil”. This question is not restricted to individuals: history has repeatedly demonstrated how groups and even entire nations can embark on a criminal plan united by the conviction that they were fighting for a good and just cause. Which circumstances occasioned such actions? What was their motivation? Applying a number of historical, scientific and social-scientific approaches to this question, this study produces an integrative portrait of the reasons for human behavior and advances a number of different interpretations for their genesis. The book makes clear the extent to which we live in socially-constructed realities in which we cling for dear life to a range of conceptions and beliefs which can all too easily fall apart in situations of crisis.
Freedom of the Human Person
Freedom is the key issue for both Karol Wojtyla and Immanuel Kant that connects the Polish with the German philosopher. This analysis aims to show the importance of Kant's ethics in the work of Karol Wojtyla. Kant's paradigm shift in the anthropological thought was revolutionary. The categorical imperative obliges each person to act morally and thus elevates them. It is the foundation of human dignity, not only for Kant but also for Wojtyla. Who is man? Is man free? Or is materialistic man determined and arrested in immanence? What should man do? Man is gifted with freedom. He is a person because he has the capacity to act. Wojtyla and Kant put special emphasis on a person's power of selfdetermination that reveals itself through the experience as a freely acting person. The realisation of the personal norm - the categorical imperative - was defined by both thinkers as a fulfilment of freedom. Freedom shall be fulfilled in the responsible act, which reveals the person's power of love.
Angels and Demons
Angels occupy a significant space in contemporary popular spirituality. Yet, today more than ever, the belief in the existence of intermediary spirits between the human and divine realms needs to be evangelized and Christianized. Angels and Demons offers a detailed synthesis of the givens of the Christian tradition concerning the angels and demons, as systematized in its essential principles by St. Thomas Aquinas. Certainly, the doctrine of angels and demons is not at the heart of Christian faith, but its place is far from negligible. On the one hand, as part of faith seeking understanding, angelology has been and can continue to be a source of enrichment for philosophy. Thus, reflection on the ontological constitution of the angel, on the modes of angelic knowledge, and on the nature of the sin of Satan can engage and shed light on the most fundamental areas of metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. On the other hand, angelology, insofar as it is inseparable from the ensemble of the Christian mystery (from the doctrine of creation to the Christian understanding of the spiritual life), can be envisioned from an original and fruitful perspective.
Contemporary Aristotelian Ethics
This volume provides a thorough introduction to three of the twentieth century’s most influential proponents of Aristotle’s moral philosophy. Arthur Madigan’s Contemporary Aristotelian Ethics examines the work of Alasdair MacIntyre, Martha Nussbaum, and Robert Spaemann in the context of twentieth-century Anglo-American moral philosophy. By surveying the ways in which these three philosophers appropriate Aristotle, Madigan illustrates two important points: first, that the most pressing problems in contemporary moral philosophy can be addressed using the Aristotelian tradition and, second, that the Aristotelian tradition does not speak with one voice. Madigan demonstrates that Aristoteli...
Homo animal nobilissimum
This monograph deals with the philosophical approach of thirteenth-century masters to concrete, practical manifestations of 'quantum ad naturalia' in human lives in their commentaries on Aristotle’s works on natural philosophy, both his genuine works and those then considered genuine. It inquires into what they deemed worthy of philosophical debate regarding this topic and how they tackled it. The first of the two volumes describes the cultural surroundings, the scholars’ way of approaching the topic, and their discourses on the peculiarity (singularity, unity, consistency) of humankind and on its internal differentiation according to gender, stage of life, social stratification, and differences due to ethnic status or geographic (climatic) diversity. This is the first comprehensive source-based study of the subject; it draws heavily on unedited texts.
A Companion to Angels in Medieval Philosophy
Humanist prejudice famously made medieval angelology the paradigm of ludicrous speculation with its caricature of “How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?” The truth is quite the opposite: many of medieval philosophy’s most original and ingenious contributions actually came to light in discussions of angelology. In fact, angelology provided an ideal context for discussing issues such as the structure of the universe, the metaphysical texture of creatures (e.g. esse-essentia composition and the principle of individuation), and theories of time, knowledge, freedom, and linguistics—issues which, for the most part, are still highly relevant for contemporary philosophy. Because th...
Im Dienst am Menschen
Die Fragilität des menschlichen Daseins ist seit Ausbruch der Corona-Pandemie wieder offenkundig geworden. Die Frage nach der Würde des Menschen stellt sich neu – nicht nur im Blick auf die Einschränkung von Freiheitsrechten. In der Frage nach dem Menschen hatte das Denken Karol Wojtylas/Johannes Pauls II. sein Zentrum gefunden. Dies belegen sowohl seine philosophischen Texte aus vorpäpstlicher Zeit als auch der Titel seiner ersten Enzyklika "Redemptor hominis" (Erlöser des Menschen). Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Frage-stellungen erhält der anthropologisch-theologische Beitrag Johannes Pauls II. eine besondere Bedeutung. Menschenwürde und Personalität, Leiblichkeit und Geschlechtlichkeit, Selbstbestimmung und Werterziehung, Bioethik und ökologische Herausforderungen sind zentrale Themen dieses Bandes.
Karol Wojtylas Theorie der Teilhabe als sozialphilosophische Grundlage personalistischer Pädagogik
Ausgangspunkt und Zentrum des Ansatzes von Karol Wojtyla ist die Person. In seiner Theorie der Teilhabe wird folglich Personalität - neben Solidarität und Subsidiarität - zum leitenden Prinzip eines Personalismus, der sich sowohl in Vernunft (Kant) als auch in Liebe (Scheler) begründet. Auf diesem Hintergrund kann personalistische Pädagogik im Dialog mit führenden Vertretern der Erziehungswissenschaft herausgearbeitet und konturiert werden. Karol Wojtyla, der akademische Lehrer aus der Lubliner Schule der Philosophie und spätere Papst Johannes Paul II., wollte mit seiner kritischen Theorie der Teilhabe von Anfang an politische und soziale Verhältnisse in Frage stellen und verbessern....
Religion
Für das moderne Wissenschaftsverständnis und folglich für viele Soziologen ist das Thema Religion unbequem und unattraktiv und wird deshalb nach Möglichkeit umgangen. Diese Tatsache steht in eklatantem Widerspruch zur weltgeschichtlichen Bedeutung des Phänomens Religion, zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Soziologie und zum alltäglichen Leben der Menschen. Zu allen Zeiten haben Menschen auf der Suche nach dem gelingenden Leben zudem immer einen engen Zusammenhang zwischen Religion, Ethik und Glück erahnt. Seit der antiken Philosophie, besonders seit Plato und Aristoteles, wird dieses komplexe Themenfeld in unterschiedlichsten Zuspitzungen diskutiert. Soziologie, die den Sinn und die Strukturen des sozialen, und nicht selten alltäglichen Handelns zum Gegenstand hat, kann sich davon kaum dispensieren.
