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A collection of the Nobel lectures delivered by the prizewinners in physiology or medicine for the period 1996-2000. Each lecture is based on the work for which the laureate was awarded the prize. The following is a list of the Nobel laureates during 1996-2000 with a description of the works that won them their prizes: P.C. Doherty and R.M. Zinkernagel (1996) - for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence; S.B. Prusiner (1997) -for his discovery of "prisons - a new biological principle of infection"; R.F. Furchgott, L.J. Ignarro and F. Murad (1998) - for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system; G. Blobel (1999) - for the discovery that "proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"; A. Carlsson, P. Greengard and E.R. Kandel (2000) - for their discoveries concerning "signal transduction in the nervous system".
This volume contains up-to-date information on aldehyde dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, short- and medium-chain dehydrogenase, and reductases. Sixty-nine contributions provide a wide variety of information on enzymology, molecular biology, and metabolic aspects of these carbonyl metabolizing oxidoreductases. Much new information is provided, including previously unreported three-dimensional structures of enzymes and new aspects of gene regulation, along with sequence alignments, metabolism and enzyme mechanisms.
An interdisciplinary account of the recent advances made in understanding fundamental molecular aspects of the pre-biological and biological evolution of life.
A wealth of information has accumulated over the last few years on the human genome. The new insights have completely changed the focus of protein analysis. It is no longer time-consuming analysis of unknown products, but rather selective identifications of individual forms, modifications and processings, and overall analysis of global protein outputs from cells and tissues in health and disease. This book gears to the rising need of sensitive, accurate, and fast separation and identification techniques in proteomics. It discusses current methodologies of modern protein analysis, from isolation and sample preparation, over analysis and identification, to final characterization. Several evaluations concentrate on the now productive approaches of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, but alternative methods and further perspectives are also outlined. The book includes an overlook over current databases to connect protein analysis data with all available information,...
The largest collection of articles on the three major gene families, this work ranges from enzymology to molecular biology to physiological implications. The three gene families are related in that the enzymes catalyse the NAD(P) dependent oxidation or reduction of carbonyl containing substrates. The substrates are important in diverse areas such as alcoholism, diabetes and cancer related problems as well as simple detoxification. The scope of the chapters, contributed by leading international scientists, is wide and covers gene regulation to enzyme mechanisms and protein structure. This is the only publication dealing in such depth with just three gene families. An important reference for researchers in toxicology and molecular biology.
Since the inception of these meetings in 1982, they have always been a satellite of the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism meeting. At our 1992 meeting in Dublin we learned that the next ISBRA meeting would be held in Brisbane, of all our previous meetings, I was very concerned Australia. As the scientific organizer about holding a meeting in the Southern Hemisphere for fear that many of our potential participants would not travel that far. I am pleased to say that I was proven to be incorrect. Nearly 90 scientists from a dozen countries participated at our seventh conference. At this meeting, like at all our previous ones, much new information about the three enzyme...
The story behind the invention of the most important medical diagnostic tool since the X-ray. On September 2, 1971, the chemist Paul Lauterbur had an idea that would change the practice of medical research. Considering recent research findings about the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals to detect tumors in tissue samples, Lauterbur realized that the information from NMR signals could be recovered in the form of images—and thus obtained noninvasively from a living subject. It was an unexpected epiphany: he was eating a hamburger at the time. Lauterbur rushed out to buy a notebook in which to work out his idea; he completed his notes a few days later. He had discovered the basi...
This book brings together lmportant work on the structure and function of the dehydrogenases requiring nicotinamide coenzymes. The structure and function of lactate dehydrogen ase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase are compared. These are the relatively simple oligomeric dehydrogenases for which very extensive structural and mechanistic information is available. Kinetic studies are dealt with in general terms, with selected examples. Genetic and structural relationships revealed by primary structure are discussed. General features of the specificity of dehydrogen ase reactions are described. The pyridine nucleotide - disulphide oxidoreductases exemplify a ty...
Methods in protein sequence analysis constitute important fields in rapid progress. We have experienced a continuous increase in analytical sensitivity coupled with decreases in time necessary for purification and analysis. Several generations of sequencers, liquid/solid/gas-phase, have passed by and returned in other shapes during just over two decades. Similarly, the introduction of HPLC permitted an enormous leap forward in this as in other fields of biochemistry, and we now start to see new major advances in purification/analysis through capillary electrophoresis. Furthermore, progress in the field of mass spectrometry has matched that in chemical analysis and we witness continuous devel...
Microbes are in our midst soon after birth. Thankfully, the number of harmless (and often beneficial) microbes far outnumber those that would do us harm. Our ability to ward-off pathogens in our environment, including those that can colonize our exterior and/or interior surfaces, depends on the integrative action of the innate and adaptive immunity systems. This volume of CTMI, entitled Antimicrobial Peptides and Human Disease, is dedicated to the role of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the innate host defense system of homo sapiens.