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45 years after the discovery of transition metals and organometallics as cocatalysts for the polymerization of olefins and for organic synthesis, these compounds have not lost their fascination. The birthday of Karl Ziegler, the great pioneer in this metalorganic catalysis, is now 100 years ago. Polyolefins and polydienes produced by Ziegler-Natta catalysis are the most important plastics and elastomers. New impulses for the polymerization of olefins have been brought about by highly active metallocenes and other single site catalysts. Just by changing the ligands of the organometallic compounds, the structure of the polymers produced can be tailored in a wide manner. In invited lectures and posters, relevant aspects of the metalorganic catalysts for synthesis and polymerization are discussed in this book. This includes mechanism and kinetics, stereochemistry, material properties, and industrial applications.
Forty years after Ziegler's discovery of the "Aufbaureaktion" and low-pressure ethene polymerization, transition metal catalyzed olefin and diolefin polymerization continues to represent one of the most active and exciting areas. Since the 1980s, outstanding scientific innovations and process improvements have revolutionized polyolefin technology and greatly simplified polymerization processes. Well-defined catalyst systems are now at hand and facilitate the understanding of basic reaction mechanisms and correlations between catalyst structures, polymer microstructures, and polymer properties. This book reviews some of the modern approaches in organometallic chemistry, Ziegler-Natta catalysis, polymerization processes, design of novel materials, and the modelling in catalyst and process development.
This book gradually brings the reader, through illustrations of the most crucial discoveries, into the modern world of chemical catalysis. Readers and experts will better understand the enormous influence that catalysis has given to the development of modern societies. • Highlights the field's onset up to its modern days, covering the life and achievements of luminaries of the catalytic era • Appeals to general audience in interpretation and analysis, but preserves the precision and clarity of a scientific approach • Fills the gap in publications that cover the history of specific catalytic processes
Exemplarischer Einblick in ein vernachlässigtes Feld der Universitätsgeschichte. Neben Forschung und Bildung ist Lehre zwar eine der drei elementaren Aufgaben jeder Universität, in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur wird sie aber nur nachrangig behandelt. In diesem Band untersucht Holger Fischer am Beispiel der Hamburger Universität die Entwicklung von Studium, Lehre und Studienreform im Verlauf ihres 100-jährigen Bestehens. Gestützt auf eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Quellen schildert der Autor die Entwicklung der Studienbedingungen, der Studienstrukturen, der Studienorganisation und der Studienreform. Detailliert stellt Fischer dar, wer die Träger und Verhinderer der vielen studienreformerischen Ideen und Aktivitäten waren. Seine Betrachtung erfolgt dabei aus der zentralen Perspektive der Gesamtuniversität; zugleich werden Beispiele aus der dezentralen Ebene einzelner Fächer angeführt. Berücksichtigt werden dabei auch überregionale Entwicklungen und Diskussionsprozesse. Holger Fischer zeigt beispielhaft auf, dass die Universität Hamburg gerade auf dem Gebiet der Studienreform häufig eine Vorreiterfunktion übernahm.
The Science and Technology of Flexible Packaging: Multilayer Films from Resin and Process to End Use, Second Edition provides a comprehensive guide on plastic films in flexible packaging, covering scientific principles, materials properties, processes and end use considerations. Sections discuss the science of multilayer films in a concise and impactful way, presenting the fundamental understanding required to improve product design, material selection and processes. In addition, the book includes information on why one material is favored over another and how film or coating affects material properties. Descriptions and analysis of key properties of packaging films are provided from enginee...
This handbook provides an exhaustive description of polyethylene. The 50+ chapters are written by some of the most experienced and prominent authors in the field, providing a truly unique view of polyethylene. The book starts with a historical discussion on how low density polyethylene was discovered and how it provided unique opportunities in the early days. New catalysts are presented and show how they created an expansion in available products including linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, copolymers, and polyethylene produced from metallocene catalysts. With these different catalysts systems a wide range of structures are possible with an equally wide range of phys...