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This Spanish Borderlands classic recounts Jesuit colonization of the Old California, the peninsula now known as Baja California.
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The story of this journey through northern Baja California's unexplored wilderness to San Diego is actually two stories, crafted by artful and incisive historian Harry Crosby. The first begins well before the expedition commences and involves world events, politics, and the characters who were destined to forge this momentous march. The second is a daily record of the trek itself, told through first-person diary excerpts and the author's own comments as he followed in their footsteps, mapping this historic route for the first time. Together, they show not only the hardships and victories of blazing the difficult trail, but the resolve of this company of fifty heroic men. Gateway to Alta California contains the author's color maps, which provide a graphic statement of the journey into terra incognita, as well as his black-and-white photos of the largely unchanged terrain. Also included are lists of all Hispanic members of the expedition party -- many identified here for the first time -- plus pertinent information on their backgrounds and future lives (including those who continued on in July of 1769 with Gaspar de Portola, seeking the port of Monterey). Book jacket.
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First published in 1981, Harry W. Crosby’s Last of the Californios captured the history of the mountain people of Baja California during a critical moment of transition, when the 1974 completion of the transpeninsular highway increased the Californios’ contact with the outside world and profoundly affected their traditional way of life. This updated and expanded version of that now-classic work incorporates the fruits of further investigation into the Californios’ lives and history, by Crosby and others. The result is the most thorough and extensive account of the people of Baja California from the time of the peninsula’s occupation by the Spaniards in the seventeenth century to the ...
This updated and expanded version of that now-classic work incorporates the fruits of further investigation into the Californios' lives and history, by Crosby and others. Californio Portraits combines history and sociology to provide an in-depth view of a culture that has managed to survive dramatic changes.
Become a stellar speller with these self-tests, exercises, examples, and tips for spotting errors quickly! Do you use the dictionary more than you think you should? Are the business memos you write filled with embarrassing spelling mistakes? Have you received low grades on papers because of poor spelling? Starting with diagnostic exercises to help you understand your trouble spots, this easy-to-use book not only teaches you how to avoid misspellings, but also sharpens your skills so you can recognize spelling errors right away. You can write clean, clear English, improve your grades, and increase your chances of finding a new or better job. Learn about: Phonics and spelling Three major rules Prefixes, suffixes, and apostrophes Proofreading Spelling proper nouns and place names The most commonly confused words Staying up-to-date as the English language evolves, and more
Historian Alfred W. Crosby looks at hard, accurate throwing and the manipulation of fire as unique human capabilities. Humans began throwing rocks in prehistory and then progressed to javelins, atlatls, bows and arrows. We learned to make fire by friction and used it to cook, drive game, burn out rivals, and alter landscapes. In historic times we invented catapults, trebuchets, and such flammable liquids as Greek Fire. About 1,000 years ago we invented gunpowder, which accelerated the rise of empires and the advance of European imperialism. In the 20th century, gunpowder weaponry enabled us to wage the most destructive wars of all time, peaking at the end of World War II with the V-2 and atomic bomb. Today, we have turned our projectile talents to space travel which may make it possible for our species to migrate to other bodies of our solar system and even other star systems.