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Host Response Mechanisms in Infectious Diseases
The last decade of intensive research in the field of infectious diseases has resulted in a better conceptual understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the host-parasite interactions that lead to establishment and progression of the disease. However, with the discovery of an increasing number of species-specific virulence mechanisms and novel host defense strategies, the picture is becoming more and more complex. This volume of the book series Contributions to Microbiology presents a number of selected articles dealing with bacterial and viral pathogens and the resulting host response to infection with these microorganisms. As novel therapeutic anti-bacterial and anti-viral strategies are primarily focused on significant pathophysiological mechanisms, this publication will not only attract the interest of scientific and medical professionals, but will also be of importance for students in the field of microbiology, infectious diseases, cell biology and immunology.
Concepts in Bacterial Virulence
Over the past few decades the increase in bacterial resistance has led to the search for novel antibacterial therapies and a better understanding of virulence mechanisms used by pathogens. It has been shown that the interplay between pathogenic bacteria and the host is complex and finely balanced. Successful pathogens can manipulate host homeostasis and normal cell functions using a variety of molecular strategies. This volume of the Karger book series Contributions to Microbiology summarizes some of the most important bacterial virulence mechanisms. Eminent scientists provide an update on recent findings in their fields. This state-of-the-art account will not only attract the interest of clinical and preclinical researchers, but will also be of great value to students with an interest in medicine, biology, chemistry, and infectious diseases.
Sepsis - Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Responses
Sepsis is a serious condition that is associated with high mortality despite advanced modern medical treatment. Recent years have witnessed novel paradigms describing host responses in sepsis. In particular, the delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions has been subject to intense research. This volume in the book series 'Contributions to Microbiology' presents the state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research. Leading international experts have contributed with reviews on the most relevant topics in the field such as clinical aspects, pathways of sepsis and pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms as well as their regulation. The book will be a valuable source of up-to-date information for clinicians, microbiologists, immunologists, and students with an interest in the complex regulation of host responses during microbial sepsis.
Trends in Innate Immunity
The last decade has witnessed the delineation of innate immunity - a new area which has revolutionized our understanding of host-parasite interactions and their impact on defense mechanisms in infectious and noninfectious diseases. This volume of the book series 'Contributions to Microbiology' provides an update of the current knowledge of this expanding field of research and highlights some of its most important aspects. In eleven state-of-the-art articles, eminent international experts in the field address topics such as the innate immune system in mammals and insects, microbial protein ligands, antimicrobial peptides, complement, antibacterial chemokines, the role of neutrophils and monocytes, oxidative innate immune defenses and the effect of aging on innate immunity. The book will be a valuable resource for microbiologists, immunologists, students, scientists of other related disciplines, and clinicians with an interest in infectious or immunological diseases.
Warum Ethik in der Wissenschaft wichtig ist
Unser heutiges Leben ist wie in keiner anderen Epoche in der Geschichte der Menschheit durch technische und wissenschaftliche Erneuerungen geprägt. Beides hat zwar in einigen Teilen der Welt zu verbesserten Lebensbedingungen geführt, aber der Fortschritt hat auch einen hohen Preis. Denn die Menschheit steht vor sehr großen Herausforderungen, wie es beispielsweise die Corona-Krise zeigt. Diese und andere Probleme werden in Zukunft kaum zu bewältigen sein, wenn nicht bald ein drastisches Umdenken stattfindet. Um eine Veränderung zugunsten einer verbesserten Zukunft herbeizuführen, wird die Wissenschaft einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten müssen. Neue wissenschaftliche Konzepte und Maßnahmen können aber nur verwirklicht werden, wenn sie Zielsetzungen für das Allgemeinwohl verfolgen. Um diese durchzusetzen, muss die Wissenschaft sich an ethische Prinzipien halten, weil nur sie garantieren, dass Forschung im Interesse des Gemeinwohls betrieben werden kann.
Agenda 2030 – Armut
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Wie Wissenschaft Länder, Gesellschaften, Religionen vereint
Unsere heutige Welt ist geprägt von einer rasanten technologischen Entwicklung. Die daraus resultierende digitale Reizüberflutung, das unermessliche Sammeln von Daten und die Entwicklung von Algorithmen, die für uns jetzt schon Entscheidungen übernehmen, haben das Wertesystem der Menschen verändert. Anhand des Höhlengleichnisses von Platon beschreibt der Autor, wieso der Mensch seine Unabhängigkeit aufgibt und er sich von einem Homo sapiens zu einem Homo accumulans (speichernder Mensch) entwickelt hat. Er zeigt auf, warum Paradigmenwechsel in Religion, Politik und Wissenschaft für die Weiterentwicklung der Menschheit von großer Bedeutung waren und wieso dies für die Wissenschaft auch weiterhin notwendig sein wird, um Lösungen für globale Probleme zu entwickeln.
Progress and Challenges in Transfusion Medicine, Hemostasis, and Hemotherapy
Modern transfusion medicine is sophisticated hemotherapy. Cellular and humoral blood components can be relevant in virtually every disease, either as a primary determinant in pathophysiology or as a victim of collateral damage, e.g. during treatment with cytostatic drugs, or as crucial substrates in replacement and hemostasis-navigated hemotherapy. With its interdisciplinary approach modern hemotherapy is a paragon of translational research bridging the bench-to-bedside gap in biomedicine. The state-of-the-art contributions collected here aim to stimulate lively discussions ' not only among blood center professionals but also with blood and vascular biologists, hematologists, immunologists, anesthesiologists, intensive care specialists, surgeons, cardiologists, nephrologists, rheumatologists, and pulmonary and infectious disease specialists.
Warum Impfungen für Mensch und Gesellschaft so wichtig sind
In der Geschichte der Menschheit haben Seuchen und Plagen immer wieder eine Spur von Leid und Tod hinterlassen. Auch in der Zukunft werden wir nicht von Pandemien, die über uns hereinbrechen werden, verschont bleiben. Der Ausbruch von COVID-19 kann daher auch als der Beginn einer neuen Bedrohung, die von lebensgefährlichen Infektionskrankheiten ausgeht, angesehen werden. Ursache hierfür sind unter anderem die menschengemachte Zerstörung unseres Lebensraums, der damit verbundene Rückgang der Artenvielfalt und eine aggressive Agrarwirtschaft. Als dies hat jetzt schon zu einer Zunahme von zoonotischen Infektionskrankheiten und antibiotikaresistenten Erregern geführt. Um sich auf diese Gefahren vorzubereiten, muss die Weltgemeinschaft enger zusammenrücken und an gemeinsamen Lösungen arbeiten, bei denen nationale politische, wirtschaftliche, ethnische und religiöse Hürden überwunden werden müssen. Impfkampagnen werden hierzu einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten, da es zurzeit kaum andere Alternativen zur Bekämpfung von Pandemien gibt.
Matrix Proteases in Health and Disease
Presenting a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted field of proteases in the extracellular matrix environment, this reference focuses on the recently elucidated functions of complex proteolytic systems in physiological and pathological tissue remodeling. The proteases treated include both serine proteases such as plasminogen activators and TTSPs, metalloproteases such as MMPs and ADAMS and cysteine protease cathepsins. The text specifically addresses the role of extracellular proteases in cancer cell invasion, stroke and infectious diseases, describing the basic biochemistry behind these disease states, as well as therapeutic strategies based on protease inhibition. With its trans-disciplinary scope, this reference bridges the gap between fundamental research and biomedical and pharmaceutical application, making this required reading for basic and applied scientists in the molecular life sciences.
