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Toxicology and Risk Assessment
Provides a complete understanding of how our bodies respond to toxicants, and the principles used to assess the health risks of specific exposure scenarios Toxicology and Risk Assessment: A Comprehensive Introduction, Second Edition reflects recent advances in science and technology, and provides the scientific background and methodological issues to enable the reader to understand the basic principles in toxicology and to evaluate the health risks of specific exposure scenarios. Completely updated with the latest information, this book offers a concise introduction to the subject. It is divided into five sections: Principles in Toxicology, Organ Toxicology, Methods in Toxicology, Regulatory...
Cytochrome
The most complete and up-to-date survey of this important superfamily of enzymes, including the first ever coverage of the forms involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis. The components of the enzyme system, the reaction mechanisms involved, and the evolution and nomenclature are analyzed, as is the hepatic microsomal enzyme in a large number of species, illustrating the very wide implications for life processes.
Biological Monitoring of Exposure and the Response at the Subcellular Level to Toxic Substances
This supplement contains the papers submitted at EUROTOX 88, the joint Congress of the European Society of Toxicology and the Federation of the European Societies of Toxicology. The theme was one of monitoring and examining the effects of toxic substances in the biological response at the subcellular level. Mechanisms of metal carcinogenicity are discussed as well as the biomonitoring of chemical exposure. Reports are provided on the role of individual differences in man and the effect of risk assessment. Papers appear dealing with the genetic control of drug metabolizing enzymes. The role of metabolism in organic specific toxicity is discussed. Information is included on the toxicological impact of chemicals interfering with the endocrine system as well as on the effects of toxicants on the immune system. Presentations deal with the current status of risk assessment in environmental toxicology.
Biological Reactive Intermediates V
Much of organic chemistry is based on the ability of suitably structured chemicals to bind together through the formation of covalent bonds. Biochemistry is replete with exam ples of enzymatically catalyzed reactions in which normal body constituents can be linked through covalent bonds during the process of intermediary metabolism. The finding that xenobiotic chemicals that enter the body from the environment, are metabolized to highly reactive species, and then covalently react with cellular macromolecules to induce toxic and carcinogenic effects was an observation that spawned the research featured in the Fifth International Symposium on Biological Reactive Intermediates (BRI V). The grou...
The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult
Genotoxic carcinogens can lead to DNA mutations with the potential to cause cancer. Typically, a series of mutation events are needed before malignancy occurs so a single, small exposure may not result in disease. Also, cells have an armoury of defence mechanisms which, to a degree, counter the effects of mutagens. Distinguishing the point at which exposure to a carcinogen increases mutation rates beyond the background level is challenging. In fact, there is now general agreement that, for genotoxic carcinogens, no specific threshold can be identified. However, NOAELs (No Observed Adverse Effect Levels) may be used in the process of establishing a dose-response relationship. These denote the...
The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult
Genotoxic carcinogens can lead to DNA mutations with the potential to cause cancer. Typically, a series of mutation events are needed before malignancy occurs so a single, small exposure may not result in disease. Also, cells have an armoury of defence mechanisms which, to a degree, counter the effects of mutagens. Distinguishing the point at which exposure to a carcinogen increases mutation rates beyond the background level is challenging. In fact, there is now general agreement that, for genotoxic carcinogens, no specific threshold can be identified. However, NOAELs (No Observed Adverse Effect Levels) may be used in the process of establishing a dose-response relationship. These denote the...
The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety
This volume provides documentations for the established MAK values (maximum workplace concentrations) of selected occupational toxicants, including an authoritative review of the available toxicological studies and data. For each substance, the toxic effects, mechanisms and modes of action, toxicogenetics and metabolism, effects in man and animals are described. In addition, the carcinogenic, germ-cell mutagenic, sensitizing or skin-resorptive effects as well as their toxicity to the reproductive system are evaluated, plus basic physico-chemical data are provided. The documentations are thus not only essential for the application of MAK values but also provide a concise toxicological overview for each substance.
The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety
This volume provides documentations for the established MAK values (maximum workplace concentrations) of selected occupational toxicants, including an authoritative review of the available toxicological studies and data. For each substance, the toxic effects, mechanisms and modes of action, toxicogenetics and metabolism, effects in man and animals are described. In addition, the carcinogenic, germ-cell mutagenic, sensitizing or skin-resorptive effects as well as their toxicity to the reproductive system are evaluated, plus basic physico-chemical data are provided. The documentations are thus not only essential for the application of MAK values but also provide a concise toxicological overview for each substance.
Cytochrome P450
The most complete and up-to-date survey of this important superfamily of enzymes, including the first ever coverage of the forms involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis. The components of the enzyme system, the reaction mechanisms involved, and the evolution and nomenclature are analyzed, as is the hepatic microsomal enzyme in a large number of species, illustrating the very wide implications for life processes.
