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The author explores the origins of the eighteenth-century chemical revolution as it centers on Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier's earliest work on combustion. He shows that the main lines of Lavoisier's theory—including his theory of a heat-fluid, caloric—were elaborated well before his discovery of the role played by oxygen. Contrary to the opinion prevailing at that time, Lavoisier suspected, and demonstrated by experiment, that common air, or some portion of it, combines with substances when they are burned. Professor Guerlac examines critically the theories of other historians of science concerning these first experiments, and tries to unravel the influences which French, German, and British chemists may have had on Lavoisier. He has made use of newly discovered material on this phase of Lavoisier's career, and includes an appendix in which the essential documents are printed together for the first time.
Before Henry Guerlac's book, we knew little about the reasons that led the great chemist Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier to discover the role of air in combustion. Henry Guerlac finds that this breakthrough that began the Chemical Revolution did not come "ex nihilo," as many historians claim. Rather, it marked the culmination of research by British and French chemists, radically refashioned by Lavoisier and his disciples. Henry Guerlac portrays Lavoisier integrating Continental and British chemical traditions. Like New ton in physics and Darwin in biology, Lavoisier was a revolutionary. This work presents his in a vigorous and innovative light.
War cannot be controlled in future without an understanding of its past. These essays analyse war, its strategic characteristics and its political and social functions, over the past five centuries.
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In one of the first works on the subject, Maurice A. Finocchiaro examines history-of-science methodology according to the concept of explanation. He weighs the practice of the discipline by a detailed investigation of Alexandre Koyré's and Henry Guerlac's ideas; analyzes the scientific growth of the knowledge with a careful evaluation of the opinions of T. S. Kuhn and Karl Popper; reviews Joseph Agassi's and his critics' philosophy of the historiography of science and compares the definitions of "history" given by Michael Scriven and Benedetto Croce. He also discusses the connections between the history and philosophy of science; the correlations between scholarship and history and chronicl...
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