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Perseguida por la mayoría de las dictaduras, apreciada por las democracias, alabada y admirada por las mentes librepensadoras, difamada por fanáticos y sectarios, la masonería se define como una asociación universal que se propone el mejoramiento personal a través del método filosófico e iniciático para perfeccionar la sociedad. Tal vez por ello, son muchos los masones que a lo largo de los siglos han ejercido una enorme influencia en el devenir de la historia de la humanidad. Les debemos una participación protagonista en acontecimientos tales como las primeras declaraciones de derechos, la lucha contra la esclavitud, el sufragio universal, el parlamentarismo, la Ilustración, en hi...
"The mining boom that began in northern Mexico in the 1890s set in motion fundamental social change. On the one hand it uprooted many workers, and the concerns of government officials, middle-class, reformers, and company managers coalesced into laws and programs to control the restless masses. But changes in the mining economy and political culture also precipitated class consciousness among merchants and artisans as well as skilled and unskilled workers. This study of the Hidalgo mining district in Chihuahua from the 1890s to the 1920s examines class formation, in particular its relation to social control, popular values, and pre-industrial traditions. In arguing that class identity stemmed less from the nature of one's work than from the beliefs one held, this work brings together the disparate themes of moral economy of mine workers, new mining technology, and the management policy of mine owners during the Mexican Revolution."--Provided by publisher.
1884 ed. of the Directorio is reprinted in 8th ed., 1972, p. 2-90.