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Clerical and Commercial Sector Qualifications in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany
This study examines qualifications available to initial entrants to tertiary sector/clerical and commercial occupations in three CEDEFOP (European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training) member states--the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany. (The goal is to ascertain the feasibility of establishing equivalence of qualifications between member states in this occupational area.) Three monographs, one on each member state, are presented, each divided into two parts. Part 1 considers the relevant tertiary sector occupations in their institutional context and describes the qualifications themselves. Part 2 presents an appraisal of the status of these qualifications in relation to occupational and labor market development and change. The final part of the study is a synthesis report that is concerned with the extent to which equivalence between the three member states in respect of these qualifications can be said to exist, together with recommendations as to how progress might be made in this area. A bibliography for each member state monograph is appended. (YLB)
Apprenticeship
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Training and the Private Sector
How can today's workforce keep pace with an increasingly competitive global economy? As new technologies rapidly transform the workplace, employee requirements are changing and workers must adapt to different working conditions. This volume compares new evidence on the returns from worker training in the United States, Germany, France, Britain, Japan, Norway, and the Netherlands. The authors focus on Germany's widespread, formal apprenticeship programs; the U.S. system of learning-by-doing; Japan's low employee turnover and extensive company training; and Britain's government-led and school-based training schemes. The evidence shows that, overall, training in the workplace is more effective than training in schools. Moreover, even when U.S. firms spend as much on training as other countries do, their employees may still be less skilled than workers in Europe or Japan. Training and the Private Sector points to training programs in Germany, Japan, and other developed countries as models for creating a workforce in the United States that can compete more successfully in today's economy.
Into the Twenty First Century
Proposes a benchmark to evaluate skill levels, and compares skill certification trends from 1985 to 1995.
The Role of the Company in Generating Skills
The impact of developments in work organizations on the skilling process in the United Kingdom was studied through a macro analysis of available statistical information about the development of workplace training in the United Kingdom and case studies of three U.K. firms. The macro analysis focused on the following: initial training arrangements; routes to training and vocational qualifications; continuing education and training; volume of training in Great Britain; recipients of training; sources of funding for continuing training; employer motives for training; continuing training by industrial sector and firm size; and the U.K. labor market and industrial relations trends. The case studie...
Lifelong Learning
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