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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
"Go West, young man . . ." When Horace Greeley made his famous statement in the pages of Harper's Weekly, he was not referring to the goldfields of the late-1840s California, he was speaking of Michigan's western Upper Peninsula. In the mid- to late 1840s, Michigan's copper resources were rediscovered by state geologist Douglass Houghton, setting off a mining boom rivaled only by the gold rush of 1849. The richest copper and silver ores, and even some gold, were found in the mines of Houghton County. Famous mines such as "Old Reliable," the Quincy mine, and the Calumet and Hecla mines gave up billions of tons of pure native copper and millions of dollars to eastern investors for over 100 years. Railroads, steamship lines, and eventually trolley lines served Houghton County, offering connection to the outside world. Between 1850 and 1920, mining companies attracted immigrants from Cornwall, England; Germany; Italy; Finland; Ireland; the Austro-Hungarian empire; and French Canada. The area was a true melting pot. Although this era of prosperity saw the rise of labor unions, the period culminated in the tragic and unsuccessful strike of 1913.
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