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As the mysteries stored in our DNA have been more completely revealed, scientists have begun to face the extraordinary challenge of unraveling the int- cate network of protein–protein interactions established by that DNA fra- work. It is increasingly clear that proteins continuously interact with one another in a highly regulated fashion to determine cell fate, such as proliferation, diff- entiation, or death. These protein–protein interactions enable and exert str- gent control over DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein translation, macromolecular assembly and degradation, and signal transduction; essentially all cellular functions involve protein–protein interactions. Thus, pro...
As we approach the twenty-first century the problems of industrialization are evident: we find there is a greenhouse effect, the ozone layer is being depleted, the rain is acidified, and there is a terrible problem of increasing C0 concentrations in the atmo 2 sphere. The carbonic anhydrases are a unique family of enzymes that solve these problems in the human body: they are responsible for converting C0 (a gas) to 2 HC0-, which is the biggest intracellular buffer, with a concomitant decrease in a 3 hydroxyl ion. Globally, the functions of the carbonic anhydrases in photosynthesis in rain forests and in the algae and plankton that cover our oceans indicate that they are also of utmost import...
In the literature, several terms are used synonymously to name the topic of this book: chem-, chemi-, or chemo-informatics. A widely recognized de- nition of this discipline is the one by Frank Brown from 1998 (1) who defined chemoinformatics as the combination of “all the information resources that a scientist needs to optimize the properties of a ligand to become a drug. ” In Brown’s definition, two aspects play a fundamentally important role: de- sion support by computational means and drug discovery, which distinguishes it from the term “chemical informatics” that was introduced at least ten years earlier and described as the application of information technology to ch- istry (...
Flow cytometry has evolved since the 1940s into a multidisciplinary field incorporating aspects of laser technology, fluid dynamics, electronics, optics, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics. Innovations in instrumentation, development of small lasers, discovery of new fluorochromes/fluorescent proteins, and implementation of novel methodologies have all contributed to the recent rapid expansion of flow cytometry applications. In this thoroughly revised and updated second edition of Flow Cytometry Protocols, time-proven as well as cutting-edge methods are clearly and comprehensively presented by leading experimentalists. In addition to being a valuable reference man...
Insights into the regulation of immune cell lineage differentiation and specification as well as into the control of lineage integrity, stability and plasticity are of fundamental importance to understanding innate and adaptive immune responses. In this volume, leading experts provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of recent advances in the transcriptional control mechanisms and transcription factor networks that regulate these processes in a variety of different immune cell lineages. The chapters cover the regulation of T versus B cell lineage choice, discuss early B cell development and pre-B cell leukemia prevention, address transcriptional control mechanisms during the differen...
This book presents state-of-the-art information on the molecules of cell signalling pathways that represent actual or future targets for cancer therapy. By giving an update of the most promising approaches in this rapidly evolving field, the book contributes to the translation of the recent advances in the knowledge of intracellular signalling into the generation of innovative biomolecules as specific tools to target the most promising tumour-specific candidates. The book begins logically with the molecules first encountered along the signalling pathways, the membrane receptors for growth factors (Part I). Next, Part II presents several examples of intracellular molecular targets that are situated one step beyond in the pathways, while Part III addresses the difficult task of tuning the delicate balance between cell death and survival. In Part IV, the reader is taken into the practical problems raised by the therapy of specific cancers (glioma, childhood leukaemia), and into an original strategy from the field of nuclear medicine with the potential to generate innovative molecular-targeted cancer therapies.
A proven collection of readily reproducible techniques for studying amyloid proteins and their involvement in the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of amyloid diseases. The contributors provide methods for the preparation of amyloid and its precursors (oligomers and protofibrils), in vitro assays and analytical techniques for their study, and cell culture models and assays for the production of amyloid proteins. Additional chapters present readily reproducible techniques for amyloid extraction from tissue, its detection in vitro and in vivo, as well as nontransgenic methods for developing amyloid mouse models. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Apoptosis is currently one of the fastest moving fields in biology with spectacular progress made over the past few years in delineating the molecular It is now indisputable that apoptosis mechanisms which underlie this process. plays an essential role in normal cell physiology and that aberrant apoptosis can manifest itself in a variety of human disorders. Published in two parts (Volumes 23 and 24 of the series entitled Results and Problems in Cell Differen tiation), this is an attempt to bring together many different aspects of apoptosis. Given that this is such a vast and rapidly expanding field, it is almost impossible to cover everything that is now known about apoptosis in two short bo...