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This book is a comprehensive and intensive book for graduate students in fluid dynamics as well as scientists, engineers and applied mathematicians. Offering a systematic introduction to the physical theory of vortical flows at graduate level, it considers the theory of vortical flows as a branch of fluid dynamics focusing on shearing process in fluid motion, measured by vorticity. It studies vortical flows according to their natural evolution stages,from being generated to dissipated. As preparation, the first three chapters of the book provide background knowledge for entering vortical flows. The rest of the book deals with vortices and vortical flows, following their natural evolution stages. Of various vortices the primary form is layer-like vortices or shear layers, and secondary but stronger form is axial vortices mainly formed by the rolling up of shear layers. Problems are given at the end of each chapter and Appendix, some for helping understanding the basic theories, and some involving specific applications; but the emphasis of both is always on physical thinking.
This book is a comprehensive and intensive monograph for scientists, engineers and applied mathematicians, as well as graduate students in fluid dynamics. It starts with a brief review of fundamentals of fluid dynamics, with an innovative emphasis on the intrinsic orthogonal decomposition of fluid dynamic process, by which one naturally identifies the content and scope of vorticity and vortex dynamics. This is followed by a detailed presentation of vorticity dynamics as the basis of later development. In vortex dynamics part the book deals with the formation, motion, interaction, stability, and breakdown of various vortices. Typical vortex structures are analyzed in laminar, transitional, and turbulent flows, including stratified and rotational fluids. Physical understanding of vertical flow phenomena and mechanisms is the first priority throughout the book. To make the book self-contained, some mathematical background is briefly presented in the main text, but major prerequisites are systematically given in appendices. Material usually not seen in books on vortex dynamics is included, such as geophysical vortex dynamics, aerodynamic vortical flow diagnostics and management.
This volume examines how the history of mathematics can find application in the teaching of mathematics itself.
Teeth and bones are typical hard tissues in vertebrates. Due to hierarchical structural characteristics and excellent mechanical properties, hard tissues play important roles in the human body, such as health protection, movement support, and food mastication. Once hard tissue defect occurs, our living quality will be seriously affected. In general, hard tissues lack the ability to self-repair, except for the regeneration ability of bone for small-scale defects. As a result, the past few decades have witnessed great progress in the field of biomaterials for hard tissue repair. Actually, both teeth and bone are masterpieces of biomineralization in nature, the repair and regeneration of hard tissues should be performed in a biomimetic way, either by using a biomimetic mineralization strategy or biomimetic materials.
This textbook highlights the fundamentals of aerodynamics and the applications in aeronautics. The textbook is divided into two parts: basic aerodynamics and applied aerodynamics. The first part focuses on the basic principles and methods of aerodynamics. The second part covers the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft in low speed, subsonic, transonic and supersonic flows. The combination of the two parts aims to cultivate students' aerospace awareness, build the ability to raise and solve problems and the ability to make comprehensive use of the knowledge to carry out innovative practice. This book is intended for undergraduates majoring in aircraft design and engineering, engineering mechanics, flight mechanics, missile design, etc. It can also be used as a reference for postgraduates, researchers and engineers of aerospace related majors.
This book is a textbook and clinical manual on the treatment of modern Western medical diseases with Chinese medicine. By modern Western medical diseases, we mean all the disease categories of Western medicine excluding gynecology and pediatrics. By Chinese medicine, we mean standard contemporary professional Chinese medicine as taught at the two dozen provincial Chinese medical colleges in the People's Respublic of China. The two main therapeutic modalities used in the practice of this style of Chinese medicine are acupuncture-moxibustion and the internal administration of multi-ingredient Chinese medicinal formulas. Treatment plans for each disease discussed herein are given for each of these two main modalities.