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Fish Physiology: Hypoxia
Periods of environmental hypoxia (Low Oxygen Availability) are extremely common in aquatic systems due to both natural causes such as diurnal oscillations in algal respiration, seasonal flooding, stratification, under ice cover in lakes, and isolation of densely vegetated water bodies, as well as more recent anthropogenic causes (e.g. eutrophication). In view of this, it is perhaps not surprising that among all vertebrates, fish boast the largest number of hypoxia tolerant species; hypoxia has clearly played an important role in shaping the evolution of many unique adaptive strategies. These unique adaptive strategies either allow fish to maintain function at low oxygen levels, thus extendin...
Modeling Coastal Hypoxia
This book provides a snapshot of representative modeling analyses of coastal hypoxia and its effects. Hypoxia refers to conditions in the water column where dissolved oxygen falls below levels that can support most metazoan marine life (i.e., 2 mg O2 l-1). The number of hypoxic zones has been increasing at an exponential rate since the 1960s; there are currently more than 600 documented hypoxic zones in the estuarine and coastal waters worldwide. Hypoxia develops as a synergistic product of many physical and biological factors that affect the balance of dissolved oxygen in seawater, including temperature, solar radiation, wind, freshwater discharge, nutrient supply, and the production and de...
Assessing the Hypoxia Threat in U.S. Coastal Waters
The occurrence of hypoxia, or low dissolved oxygen, is increasing in coastal waters world-wide and represents a significant threat to the health and economy of our Nation's coasts and Great Lakes. This trend is exemplified most dramatically off the coast of Louisiana and Texas, where the second largest eutrophication-related hypoxic zone in the world is associated with the nutrient pollutant load discharged by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers. Aquatic organisms require adequate dissolved oxygen to survive. The term "dead zone" is often used in reference to the absence of life from habitats that are devoid of oxygen. The inability to escape low oxygen areas makes immobile species, such as oysters and mussels, particularly vulnerable to hypoxia. This book examines the progress in understanding the dynamics of hypoxia where it occurs; understanding monitoring nutrient fluxes in watersheds; and how to reduce nutrient transport across the landscape.
A Multidisciplinary Study of Hypoxia in the Deep Water of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence
The dissolved oxygen concentration has progressively decreased in the bottom water of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE) during the last century and reached the severe hypoxic threshold ([O2]
Coastal Hypoxia
Hypoxia occurs when dissolved oxygen falls below the level necessary to sustain most animal life, often due to fertilizer run-off. This volume reviews how the expanding hypoxic zone in the northern Gulf of Mexico has affected living resources in the Louisiana/Texas shelf. Topics of the 23 chapters include impacts of changing Si/N ratios and phytoplankton species composition, the effect of hypoxia and anoxia on the supply and settlement of benthic invertebrate larvae, and ecological effects of hypoxia in fish, sea turtles, and marine mammals. c. Book News Inc.
Dead Zones
Dead zones are on the rise... Human activity has caused an increase in uninhabitable, oxygen-poor zones--also known as "dead zones"--in our waters. Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe, and it is a necessity for nearly all life on Earth. Yet many rivers, estuaries, coastal waters, and parts of the open ocean lack enough of it. In this book, David L. Kirchman explains the impacts of dead zones and provides an in-depth history of oxygen loss in water. He details the role the agricultural industry plays in water pollution, showcasing how fertilizers contaminate water supplies and kickstart harmful algal blooms in local lakes, reservoirs, and coastal oceans. Algae decomposit...
