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Ice crystals are the most ubiquitous material found in the cryosphere environment of the Earth, in the planetary system, and also in our daily lives. In recent years, ice crystals have increased in importance as one of the key materials for finding solutions to settle various environmental concerns at a global scale. Furthermore, ice crystals are unique materials which are potentially extremely useful in various applications, for example, within the food sciences, medical sciences, and other fields. In dealing with these interesting subjects, research on ice crystals has been more actively pursued in recent years. The Special Issue “Ice Crystals” presents a wide varieties of topics related to ice crystals. It can be considered as a status report reviewing the recent research on ice crystals and serves to provide readers with information on the latest developments concerning ice crystals.
This volume outlines the fundamentals and applications of light scattering, absorption and polarization processes involving ice crystals.
The growth of ice crystals as a function of depth and time in polar firn and glacier ice has been investigated at a number of locations in Antarctica and Greenland. Thin sections of snow and ice were used to measure crystal size variations. Crystal growth rates are strongly temperature dependent with growth being very much retarded at the lower englacial temperatures. At Camp Century, Greenland, where the firn temperature is -24C (constant below 10 m depth) crystals grow approximately 23 times faster than at Plateau Station, Antarctica, where the in situ temperature is -57C. (Author).
This monograph provides an account of the physics and chemistry of ice. Informed by research from physicists, chemists and glaciologists, the book places emphasis on the basic physical properties of ice, the modes of nucleation and growth of ice, and the interpretation of these phenomena in terms of molecular structure.
The book "" Fossil Ice Crystals An Instance of the Practical Value of ""Pure Science"" "" has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies and hence the text is clear and readable.
Thermal etching of ice and its application to the investigation of surface abrasion in ice crystals is explained. Investigations of surface abrasion in ice crystals provide fundamental information in the study of snow and ice friction. The technique of producing evaporation etch pits by the application of Formvar film to the ice crystal surface is described, and the development of microcrystals by recrystallization is compared with the surrounding mother crystals. Experimental data are presented and discussed with emphasis on the development of thermal etch pits, scratches on different crystal faces, damage to the prismatic face, thermal etch channels on the basal plane, predominant orientation of etch channels on the basal plane, and etch-pit-free zones and stress concentrations around solid inclusions. (Author).