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Glycobiology involves studies of complex carbohydrates and posttrans- tional modifications of proteins, and has become an important interdiscip- nary field encompassing chemistry, biochemistry, biology, physiology, and pathology. Although initial research was directed toward elucidation of the different carbohydrate structures and the enzymes synthesizing them, the field has now moved toward identifying the functions of carbohydrates. The pro- cols described in Glycobiology Protocols form a solid basis for investigations of glycan functions in health and disease. The cloning of many of the genes participating in glycosylation processes has helped to enhance our knowledge of how glycosylation...
Diverse alterations of glycosylation occur in diseases such as cancer, metastasis, leukemia, inflammatory and other diseases. The glycosylation abnormalities found in disease are the result of complex rearrangements of the oligosaccharide assembly by glycosyltransferases. This volume reviews several mechanisms that may underly the extremely complex alterations in disease. Disease specific glycosylation may contribute to the disease process by altering cellular functions, or may be exploited therapeutically. Specific therapy may be aimed at correcting glycosylation abnormalities based on knowledge of the mechanisms leading to the disease phenotype and the three-dimensional interactions between carbohydrates and carbohydrate-binding molecules.
The diverse applications in this volume range from the study of allosteric regulation of ion channel activity using a classic mutagenesis approach, to the study of channel subunit stoichiometry using a novel biophysical approach based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Highlights include methods for heterologous expression of ion channels in cells, for determining channel structure-function, and for studying channel regulation.
Protein Glycosylation provides clear, up-to-date, and integrated coverage of key topics in this field. Particular emphasis is placed on the biosynthetic pathways that result in a wide variety of identified protein-bound oligosaccharides. Protein Glycosylation begins with an overview of the chemical structures of mono- and oligosaccharides, to provide a scientific basis for the later chapters. The book includes discussions on the purification, function, and enzyme kinetics of selected glycosidases and glycotransferases, as well as a review of the roles of oligosaccharides in glycoprotein function and the in vivo role of glycoproteins themselves. Finally, the in vitro synthesis of glycoproteins is presented, together with future directions in glycobiology. Protein Glycosylation serves as an excellent text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students as well as a reference for those scientists whose training is not in glycobiology but who are moving into this field.
Structural Glycobiology covers the experimental, theoretical, and alternative technologies used in the study of the structural basis for the diverse biological roles of carbohydrates. The book overviews the application of specialized technologies to the study of carbohydrates in biology, reviews relevant and current research in the field, and is illustrated throughout by specific examples of how research investigations have yielded key structural and associated biological data on carbohydrates and glycolipids. In particular, the book focuses on: X-ray crystallography and small-angle scattering, NMR, and cryo-electron microscopy techniques Theoretical (modeling-based) approaches, such as molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, free energy calculations, and carbohydrate docking Alternative techniques for yielding structural information on carbohydrates from complex biological samples Carbohydrates in medicine, specifically in areas that have been directly impacted by our understanding of the structural role of carbohydrates in immune recognition: cancer, organ transplantation, and infection
Leading clinicians and scientists in solid organ transplantation review the current status of the field and describe cutting-edge techniques for detecting the immune response to the allografted organ. The authors present the latest techniques for HLA typing, detecting HLA antibodies, and monitoring T-cell response, and examine more specialized methods utilizing proteomics, laser dissection microscopy, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The area of tolerance induction and reprogramming of the immune system is also covered, along with a discussion of up-to-date methods of organ preservation, of today's optimal immunosuppressive drug regimens, as well as the difficulty of mimicking chronic rejection in experimental models. Introductory chapters provide a theoretical update on current practices in renal, liver, islet, and lung transplantation and on the pathways of antigen presentation and chronic rejection.
Leading researchers and innovators describe in step-by-step detail the latest techniques that promise to significantly impact the practice of proteomics, as well as its success in developing novel clinical agents. The methods span the entire spectrum of top-down and bottom-up approaches, including microarrays, gels, chromatography, and affinity separations, and address every aspect of the human proteome, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The techniques of protein detection utilized are diverse and range from fluorescence and resonance light scattering to surface plasmon resonance and mass spectrometry. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principles behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
This work presents a definitive interpretation of the current status of and future trends in natural products—a dynamic field at the intersection of chemistry and biology concerned with isolation, identification, structure elucidation, and chemical characteristics of naturally occurring compounds such as pheromones, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and enzymes. With more than 1,800 color figures, Comprehensive Natural Products II features 100% new material and complements rather than replaces the original work (©1999). Reviews the accumulated efforts of chemical and biological research to understand living organisms and their distinctive effects on health and medicine Stimulates new ideas am...
Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry
Part I covers modern advances in the determination ofglycoprotein structure and in the biosynthesis of mammalian,bacterial, yeast, plant and insect glycoproteins. There are alsotwo chapters on functional aspects (glycoprotein hormones andcollagens).The content of the volume is very comprehensive in that, mostcontributors have focussed on discussing, in depth, the wealthof most recent advances in their field, and referring to previousreviews of older work for background information. This method caneffectively produce a very wide subject coverage in a smallernumber of chapters/volumes.The volume is an importantinformation source for all glycobiologist researchers (seniorinvestigators, post-doctoral fellows and graduate students), andas a good, comprehensive, reference text for scientists working inthe life sciences.