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Life in Extreme Environments
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 440

Life in Extreme Environments

This book provides an intriguing look at how life can adapt to many different extreme environments. It addresses the limits for life development and examines different strategies used by organisms to adapt to different extreme environments.

Auroral Plasma Physics
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 494

Auroral Plasma Physics

This volume gives a broad synthesis of the current knowledge and understanding of the plasma physics behind the aurora. The aurora is not only one of the most spectacular natural phenomena on Earth, but the underlying physical processes are expected to be ubiquitous in the plasma universe. Recognizing the enormous progress made over the last decade) through in situ and groundbased measurements as well as theoretical modelling, it seemed timely to write the first comprehensive and integrated book on the subject. Recent advances concern the clarification of the nature of the acceleration process of the electrons that are responsible for the visible aurora, the recognition of the fundamental role of the large-scale current systems in organizing the auroral morphology, and of the interplay between particles and electromagnetic fields.

The Tidal Disruption of Stars by Massive Black Holes
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 589

The Tidal Disruption of Stars by Massive Black Holes

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2021-11-19
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  • Publisher: Springer

This volume provides an overview of the fast-developing field of tidal disruption events. For several decades, astronomers speculated that a hapless star could wander too close to a massive black hole and be torn apart by tidal forces. Yet it is only with the recent advent of wide-field transient surveys that such events have been detected. Written by a team of prominent researchers, the chapters detail the discoveries made so far in this burgeoning field of study across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from gamma-rays through X-rays, ultra-violet, optical, infrared, and radio. In addition, they show how tidal disruption events can be used to study the properties of otherwise undetectabl...

Auroral Physics
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 409

Auroral Physics

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2021-08-27
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  • Publisher: Springer

This volume surveys our current scientific understanding of the terrestrial aurora. It is organized into eleven reviews detailing theoretical and observational aspects of characteristic auroral morphologies, and how these in turn are organized according to local time, latitude, and activity level. Popular descriptions often attribute the aurora to the interaction of charged particles from the solar wind with atoms in the upper atmosphere. In fact, most auroras are not the result of direct entry of solar wind particles. Rather, as detailed in this volume, auroral particle acceleration and generation of auroral forms occur primarily within the magnetosphere. Importantly, many key aspects of th...

Corotating Interaction Regions
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 416

Corotating Interaction Regions

A Corotating Interaction Region (CIR) is the result of the interaction of fast solar wind with slower solar wind ahead. CIRs have a very large three-dimensional ex tent and are the dominant large-scale structure in the heliosphere on the declining and minimum phase of the solar activity cycle. Until recently, however, CIRs could only be observed close to the ecliptic plane, and their three-dimensional structure was therefore not obvious to observers and theoreticians alike. Ulysses was the first spacecraft allowing direct exploration of the third dimen sion of the heliosphere. Since 1992, when it has entered a polar orbit that takes it 0 up to 80 latitude, the spacecraft's performance has been flawless and the mission has provided excellent data from a superbly matched set of instruments. Perhaps the most exciting observation during Ulysses' first passage towards the south pole of the Sun was a strong and long lasting CIR whose energetic particle effects were observed up to unexpectedly high latitudes. These observations, documented in a number of publications, stimulated considerable new theoretical work.

The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 428

The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium

Comprises the proceedings from the First International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Workshop held in November, 1995 in Bern, Switzerland. Written both by space physicists and astronomers, the roughly 40 contributions provide an overview of the current state of knowledge concerning the density, velocity, temperature, composition, and morphology of the local interstellar medium (LISM) and how it interacts with the heliosphere. Contributions are in four sections: the heliosphere, the termination shock, the local interstellar medium, and interaction between the heliosphere and LISM. Also includes a keynote speech given by Sir Herman Bondi titled "Science as an Adventure." Reprinted from Space Science Reviews, v. 78, nos. 1-2, 1996. Lacks a subject index. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Earth Gravity Field from Space - from Sensors to Earth Sciences
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 442

Earth Gravity Field from Space - from Sensors to Earth Sciences

Volume resulting from an ISSI Workshop, 11-15 March 2002, Bern, Switzerland

Cosmogenic Radionuclides
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 424

Cosmogenic Radionuclides

Cosmogenic radionuclides are radioactive isotopes which are produced by natural processes and distributed within the Earth system. With a holistic view of the environment the authors show in this book how cosmogenic radionuclides can be used to trace and to reconstruct the history of a large variety of processes. They discuss the way in which cosmogenic radionuclides can assist in the quantification of complex processes in the present-day environment. The book aims to demonstrate to the reader the strength of analytic tools based on cosmogenic radionuclides, their contribution to almost any field of modern science, and how these tools may assist in the solution of many present and future pro...

Physics of Collisionless Shocks
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 503

Physics of Collisionless Shocks

The present book provides a contemporary systematic treatment of shock waves in high-temperature collisionless plasmas as are encountered in near Earth space and in Astrophysics. It consists of two parts. Part I develops the complete theory of shocks in dilute hot plasmas under the assumption of absence of collisions among the charged particles when the interaction is mediated solely by the self-consistent electromagnetic fields. Such shocks are naturally magnetised implying that the magnetic field plays an important role in their evolution and dynamics. This part treats subcritical shocks which dissipate flow energy by generating anomalous resistance or viscosity. The main emphasis is, howe...

Big Data in Astronomy
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 440

Big Data in Astronomy

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2020-06-13
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  • Publisher: Elsevier

Big Data in Radio Astronomy: Scientific Data Processing for Advanced Radio Telescopes provides the latest research developments in big data methods and techniques for radio astronomy. Providing examples from such projects as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), the world's largest radio telescope that generates over an Exabyte of data every day, the book offers solutions for coping with the challenges and opportunities presented by the exponential growth of astronomical data. Presenting state-of-the-art results and research, this book is a timely reference for both practitioners and researchers working in radio astronomy, as well as students looking for a basic understanding of big data in astronomy. - Bridges the gap between radio astronomy and computer science - Includes coverage of the observation lifecycle as well as data collection, processing and analysis - Presents state-of-the-art research and techniques in big data related to radio astronomy - Utilizes real-world examples, such as Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST)