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The environment in ecological systems includes both physical parameters and biotic attributes, and is a holocoenotic, dynamically interlinked system. Its investigation requires a dialectical approach which examines the different parts, but integrates the organism and the environment into a dynamic whole. Environment and ecology place emphasis on the real world. Many decisions that directly or indirectly affect the balance of our environment are based on individual, community, state, national and international decisions. Given that ecological systems now also involve the economy, ecology and its relationship with the environment are taking on an increasingly important role in today’s world....
This book covers studies on the systematics of plant taxa and will include general vegetational aspects and ecological characteristics of plant life at altitudes above 1000 m. from different parts of the world. This volume also addresses how upcoming climate change scenarios will impact high altitude plant life. It presents case studies from the most important mountainous areas like the Himalayas, Caucasus and South America covering the countries like Malaysia, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Kirghizia, Georgia, Russia,Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Americas. The book will serve as an invaluable resource source undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers.
The tourism industry is striving hard to create attractive worlds for its customers. Both as a necessity and as a challenge, this field is overwhelmed by the imagination economy, but raises several questions about tourists, providing opportunities to move deeper into the understanding of complexities involved in relationships among tourists, tourism sites and their historical structure, and environmental sustainability. As a result of this, a serious academic interest in tourism has developed over recent decades as a complex aspect of investigation into humans and their environment. This volume brings together case studies from different parts of the world, focusing on tourism and its interactions with the environment. It provides a general outline of theoretical issues and their practicality in different industrialising countries from both the East and the West. The book will appeal to researchers involved in tourism studies and environmental interactions, as well as academicians and tourism agencies.
This is the first book to examine the actual impact of physical and social engineering projects in more than fifty countries from a multidisciplinary perspective. The book brings together an international team of nearly two hundred authors from over two dozen different countries and more than a dozen different social, environmental, and engineering sciences. Together they document and illustrate with case studies, maps and photographs the scale and impacts of many megaprojects and the importance of studying these projects in historical, contemporary and postmodern perspectives. This pioneering book will stimulate interest in examining a variety of both social and physical engineering projects at local, regional, and global scales and from disciplinary and trans-disciplinary perspectives.
This book covers a range of scientific disciplines, from interdependence between low pH and heavy metal stress, to the genesis of the Maldives, and from the importance of globalization in Turkey’s environmental policies on water to Bluetooth-based robotic model platforms for agriculture. Also explored are the fields of architecture and landscape ecology and geography. Contributions in each chapter are prepared by experts in the field, and mirror the advances in their respective approaches. This book contains important recommendations for future tasks within each discipline, and supplies extensive bibliographies at the end of each chapter, as well as tables and figures that illustrate the research findings. The volume will attract the attention of researchers and local authorities and implementers, and will be of great interest to academics, teachers and students.
This books 50 chapters explore the topics of landscape management and ecology. The main issues investigated here include urban park design, recreation areas, active green spaces, cultural landscape, green urbanism, protected areas, residential gardens, landscape ecology, bioclimatic comfort, ecovillages, and urban transformation, among others. The volume will appeal to both researchers and local authorities, and will also be of great interest to academics, teachers, students and staff in the social science departments.
The largest of the world's five Mediterranean-climate regions and one of the largest archipelagos in the world, the Mediterranean Basin is located at the intersection of two major landmasses, Eurasia and Africa, which contributes to its cultural and high biodiversity. Although much of the hotspot was once covered by a dense cover of forests, the Basin has experienced intensive human development and impact on its ecosystems for at least 8000 years, significantly longer than any other hotspot. The greatest impacts have been deforestation, habitat fragmentation, intensive grazing and fires, and infrastructure development, especially on the coast, which have distinctly altered the landscape. The...
Not so many years ago, Making Up: Research in Creative Writing could not have existed. It could not have existed because at the time of its conception in the countries most influencing its birth – that is, in Britain and in Australia – even the mere notion of research through and in creative writing did not formally exist. Since the early 1990s, such research has grown, and it has developed strongly, worldwide. What we value in works of creative writing has long been the subject of discussion. We might value the diversion a work provides. We might feel personally engaged with a work of creative writing because it relates to an emotional state with which we are familiar or one about which...