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Galaxies have a history. This has become clear from recent sky surveys which have shown that distant galaxies, formed early in the life of the Universe, differ from the nearby ones. New observational windows at ultraviolet, infrared and millimetric wavelengths (provided by ROSAT, IRAM, IUE, IRAS, ISO) have revealed that galaxies contain a wealth of components: very hot gas, atomic hydrogen, molecules, dust, dark matter ... A significant advance is expected due to new instruments (VLT, FIRST, XMM) which will allow one to explore the most distant Universe. Three Euroconferences have been planned to punctuate this new epoch in galactic research, bringing together specialists in various fields of Astronomy.
The biotechnology/biopharmaceutical sector has tremendously grown which led to the invention of engineered antibodies such as Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs), Bispecific T cell engager ( BITES), Dual Variable Domain ( DVD), Chimeric Antigen Receptor - Modified Tcells (CART) that are currently being used as therapeutic agents for immunology and oncology disease conditions. In addition to other pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, all these novel formats are fragile with respect to their stability/structure under processing conditions meaning marginal stability in the liquid state and often require lyophilization to enhance their stability and shelf-life. This book contains chapters/topics ...
The chemical composition of the Universe has evolved over billions of years. A host of astrophysical processes and observations must be understood in order to explain why celestial objects have the chemical compositions observed. Originally published in 2004, this book contains the lectures delivered at the XIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, which was dedicated to reviewing current knowledge about the origin and evolution of the chemical elements in the Universe. Written by seven prestigious astrophysics researchers, it covers cosmological and stellar nucleosynthesis, abundance determinations in stars and ionised nebulae, chemical composition of nearby and distant galaxies, and models of chemical evolution of galaxies and intracluster medium. This is a timely review of developments in cosmochemistry over the last decade.
The idea of having a meeting came to the Editors when working on several aspects of galactic Be and B[e] stars. They found that a general summary of the properties of B[e] stars was missing, so that the organiza tion of a first meeting on these objects appeared as very useful. B[e] stars have hydrogen line emission and forbidden [Fe 11] and [0 I] emission lines in their spectra; they are also characterized by a strong IR excess due to circumstellar dust. Having a large amount of extinction in the UV and the visual they have been less frequently observed than other emission line objects. Although about one hundred galactic objects have been classified as B[e], only fif teen or so have been st...
Bringing together atomic physicists, nuclear physicists, astronomers, and astrophysicists from around the world, Stellar Evolution, Stellar Explosions, and Galactic Chemical Evolution focuses on stellar atmospheres; stellar evolution; stellar explosions, such as novae, supernovae, and x-ray bursters; pregalactic and galactic chemical evolution; the interstellar medium; and atomic and nuclear data for astrophysics. Consisting of invited papers, invited posters, and contributed posters, this volume covers observations, modeling, and atomic and nuclear physics foundations, including data, experiments, and theories, that are essential to understanding these important astrophysical objects and events. It documents a confluence of atomic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics and a confluence of data from atomic and nuclear physics experiments from current-generation astronomical instruments-all have helped advance the frontier in our understanding of the universe.
Quinolones constitute a large class of synthetic antimicrobial agents that are highly effective in the treatment of many types of infectious diseases, particularly those caused by bacteria. New quinolones are continually being developed as bacterial species develop resistance to existing quinolones. This book presents the most current information available in our continual struggle to conquer disease. Over time, bacteria become resistant to medicines that are used to combat them. Because of this, the medical world is always in search of new and improved ways to battle these disease-causing bacteria. Quinolones are at the forefront of this research. Edited by one of the world's foremost autho...
Noncovalent interactions are the bridge between ideal gas abstraction and the real world. For a long time, they were covered by two terms: van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding. Both experimental and quantum chemical studies have contributed to our understanding of the nature of these interactions. In the last decade, great progress has been made in identifying, quantifying, and visualizing noncovalent interactions. New types of interactions have been classified—their energetic and spatial properties have been tabulated. In the past, most studies were limited to analyzing the single strongest interaction in the molecular system under consideration, which is responsible for the mo...