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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, which severely affects the quality of life and survival of patients. The latest data from the International Diabetes Federation showed that there are approximately 537 million diabetic patients globally in 2021, and it is expected to reach 783 million by 2045. The treatment regime of diabetic patients mainly refers to the management of blood glucose and its complications. At present, typical hypoglycemic medications include insulin and non-insulin hypoglycemic drugs, which can be subdivided into a-glucosidase inhibitors, metformin, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, glinides, DPP-4i, GLP-1RA, and...
The Designing Environments book series addresses questions regarding necessary environmental transformation in the context of the fast-unfolding environmental crisis. This is done from a broad interdisciplinary perspective, examining the negative impact of human transformations of the environment and providing different inroads towards sustainable environmental transformation with net positive impact. Volume one of the Designing Environments book series brings together experts from different disciplines and often inter- and transdisciplinary contexts, who discuss specific approaches to overcoming the negative impact of the transformation of environments by humans. Across the 12 chapters of volume one, specific keywords recur that are indicative of shared insights and concerns. These include Anthropocene, climate change, complexity, critical zone, ecosystem services, and sustainability. Furthermore, interdisciplinary approaches to human–environment interactions, sustainability transitions, and socio-ecological systems take center stage and are discussed in relation to conceptual and methodological as well as societal and technological challenges and opportunities.
Metabolomics is increasingly being used to explore the dynamic responses of living systems in biochemical research. The complexity of the metabolome is outstanding, requiring the use of complementary analytical platforms and methods for its quantitative or qualitative profiling. In alignment with the selected analytical approach and the study aim, sample collection and preparation are critical steps that must be carefully selected and optimized to generate high-quality metabolomic data. This book showcases some of the most recent developments in the field of sample preparation for metabolomics studies. Novel technologies presented include electromembrane extraction of polar metabolites from plasma samples and guidelines for the preparation of biospecimens for the analysis with high-resolution μ magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-μMAS NMR). In the following chapters, the spotlight is on sample preparation approaches that have been optimized for diverse bioanalytical applications, including the analysis of cell lines, bacteria, single spheroids, extracellular vesicles, human milk, plant natural products and forest trees.
The exploding science of human milk, lactation, breastfeeding and human milk feeding has brought us to our current understanding that we are studying a complex system operating at multiple levels: molecular, cellular, physiological, immunological, nutritional, ontological and socio-behavioral and techno-political. Modern research in this field is responding to new scientific questions and emerging policy needs that can leverage technological innovations and sophisticated multidisciplinary approaches. The International Society for the Study of Human Milk and Lactation 2022 international conference brings together professionals from research disciplines (such as anthropology, biochemistry, immunology, molecular biology, maternal and child health and nutrition, physiology, toxicology), health care professionals (such as medical doctors, nurses, midwifes, dieticians, breastfeeding consultants), policy makers and commercial entities that promote, protect and support breastfeeding.
This book collates traditional and modern applications of remote sensing in aquatic ecosystem monitoring. It covers conventional assessment methods like sampling, surveying, macroinvertebrates, and chlorophyll estimation for aquatic ecosystem health assessment. Advanced remote sensing technology provides timely spectral information for quantitative and qualitative assessment of water quality, shoreline changes, coral bleaching, and vegetation monitoring. The book covers different types of aquatic ecosystems like wetlands, rivers, lakes, saline, and the brackish lake. It also: Reviews the latest applications of remote sensing in the monitoring and assessment of aquatic ecosystems Includes tra...
Dyslipidemia, and particularly hypercholesterolemia, remains a main cardiovascular disease risk factor, partly reversible with the improvement of life-style, including dietary, habits. Even when a pharmacological treatment is begun, dietary support to lipid-lowering is always desired. This book will provide a selection of new evidence on the possible lipid-lowering effects of some dietary and medicinal plant components, reporting some interesting reviews, experimental data and results from clinical trials. The book is adapted for experts in nutrition but also for all scientists involved in cardiovascular disease prevention.
Environmental Nexus Approach: Management of Water, Waste, and Soil establishes linkages between environmental resources, such as water, waste, and soil, in order to facilitate sustainable management of these resources. It shows the nexus approach as a policy-relevant means of environmental management by focusing on integrated management of water, waste, and soil resources. It synthesizes interdisciplinary theory, concepts, definitions, models, and findings involved in complex global sustainability problem-solving, making it an essential guide and reference. It includes real-world examples and applications making the book accessible to a broader interdisciplinary readership. Features: Explore...