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Medieval Douai was one of the wealthiest cloth towns of Flanders, and it left an enormous archive documenting the personal financial affairs of its citizens—wills, marriage agreements, business contracts, and records of court disputes over property rights of all kinds. Based on extensive research in this archive, this book reveals how these documents were produced in a centuries-long effort to regulate—and ultimately to redefine—property and gender relations. At the center of the transformation was a shift from a marital property regime based on custom to one based on contract. In the former, a widow typically inherited her husband's property; in the latter, she shared it with or simply held it for his family or offspring. Howell asks why the law changed as it did and assesses the law's effects on both social and gender meanings but she insists that the reform did not originate in general dissatisfaction with custom or a desire to disempower widows. Instead, it was born in a complex economic, social and cultural history during which Douaisiens gradually came to think about both property and gender in new ways.
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The Salon that opened at the Palais National in Paris at the end of 1850 represented French art at its mid-century zenith. There were few critics of the Salon whose reviews were more eagerly awaited than Théophile Gautier, acclaimed author of Mademoiselle de Maupin, major poet, and brilliant critic. Peter Scacco's English translation of the complete series of Gautier's original twenty-three articles from La Presse sheds important light on the art and artists of France as it entered the second half of the nineteenth century. Mr. Scacco's Introduction gives the reader useful historical context, and a valuable Appendix, listing all works by Salon artists covered by Gautier, accompanied by their Salon catalogue numbers, follows the text. With Notes and Index of Artists.
Etudes et inédits réunis en hommage à leur auteur, Jacques Lafon, historien du droit, qui dirigeait l'Institut du droit des affaires internationales du Caire. Trois domaines : Les relations juridiques entre l'Occident et le Proche-Orient ; La diplomatie culturelle de la France au Proche-Orient ; Pour une autre histoire du droit colonial.
The stigmatization as 'bastards' of children born outside of wedlock is commonly thought to have emerged early in Medieval European history. Christian ideas about legitimate marriage, it is assumed, set the standard for legitimate birth. Children born to anything other than marriage had fewer rights or opportunities. They certainly could not become king or queen. As this volume demonstrates, however, well into the late twelfth century, ideas of what made a child a legitimate heir had little to do with the validity of his or her parents' union according to the dictates of Christian marriage law. Instead a child's prospects depended upon the social status, and above all the lineage, of both pa...
Annotation A sophisticated and groundbreaking book on what women actually did and what actually happened to them during the French Revolution.
This volume presents the first broadly inclusive collection, with accessible text and English translation, of documents related to judicial decisions in the ancient Near East, the oldest setting for such writing in the world. The texts in this volume belong to various genres, especially legal records and letters, and span almost two thousand years. With such varied material, the work depends on the expertise of specialists in each setting, from the Sumerian of early Ur to the late Akkadian of Babylonia under the Persians. The collection brings together not only 183 transliterated texts and new translations but also introductions and commentary that place these legal documents in their historical and social contexts. A glossary of legal terms, a concordance of texts included, and an index of legal terms makes this an invaluable tool for students and scholars across disciplines. The contributors are Dominique Charpin, Sophie Démare-Lafont, Daniel E. Fleming, Francis Joannès, Bertrand Lafont, Brigitte Lion, Ignacio Márquez Rowe, Cécile Michel, and Pierre Villard.
A new conceptualization of the relationship between the systemic and the iconic in real-time simulations that distinguishes among four levels of forming. Computer simulations conceive objects and situations dynamically, in their changes and progressions. In The Systemic Image, Inge Hinterwaldner considers not only the technical components of dynamic computer simulations but also the sensory aspects of the realization. Examining the optic, the acoustic, the tactile, and the sensorimotor impressions that interactive real-time simulations provide, she finds that iconicity plays a dominant yet unexpected role. Based on this, and close readings of a series of example works, Hinterwaldner offers a...
Reprenant à nouveaux frais la question de l'autorité religieuse, ce livre présente différents cas d'étude en Asie centrale, à travers l'Empire ottoman, dans les Balkans et en Turquie. Sont examinés les rapports complexes qu'entretiennent, avec le pouvoir politique, cheikhs soufis, oulémas, sheikh ul-islâm, hégoumènes, ou encore clergé latin à l'époque prémoderne. Les XXe et XXIe siècles sont analysés du point de vue des transformations de l'autorité religieuse, certes fragmentée mais vigoureuse, en particulier chez les réformistes musulmans bosniaques et les Bektashis albanais, également parmi les Alévis d'Anatolie ou bien dans le soufisme féminin à Istanbul. Il appar...
This book examines the role of Catholic parties in inter-war Europe in a systematically pan-European comparative perspective. Specific country chapters address key questions about the parties' membership and social organization; their economic and social policies; and their European and international policies at a time of increasing national and ethnic conflict, and the book includes two survey chapters explaining the origins of political catholicism in 19th century Europe and comparing the parties' interwar development, and two chapters on transnational party contacts. Along with its companion volume, Christian Democracy in Europe Since 1945, also published in 2004, students will have an abundandce of information to guide them through their studies on this fascinating subject.