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Somali Phoenix
"The object in writing this work, to begin with, was primarily to complete an unfinished business that missed its inclusion in the text of my previous book, The Cost of Dictatorship printed in 1995, as well as material of subsequent development of the ongoing Somali crises, with the intention of producing a second account of that discourse"--P. vi.
The Cost of Dictatorship
Born in the rural countryside to camel-herding parents, Jama Mohamed Ghalib struggled after his parents' death to make a future for himself & set against his personal story the whole sad history of the Somali slide into dictatorship, famine & chaos, is revealed. After independence, his position in the police gave him extraordinary insights into corruption in the young Somali democracy, then in the grip of continuing struggle with Haile Sellassie's empire & the French imperial authorities of Djibouti. His principled reputation as police commander in the north brought him to the notice of Major-General Mohamed Siad Barre, when the latter overthrew the government & seized power in 1969. Eventua...
The Ogaden: Versus the Mythical Ethiopian Claim
History records that as early as AD 100, there was a small feudal kingdom in an enclave called Axum located in the Horn of Africa. It was known as Abyssinia, and its inhabitants were Abyssinians-the Amhara and Tigrai peoples. Today, it is these two groups that monopolize power in the present mythical Ethiopia. But how did they rise to such power, and what does that power mean or the people of that land? In The Ogaden, author Jama Mohamed Ghalib challenges myths of Ethiopian imperialism and sheds some light as to how the Abyssinians collaborated with European colonisers in the scramble for the African continent. They expanded their previously small enclave of Axum into the territories of the free African nations of the Afars, Arusi, Benishangul, Borana, Gambella, Gurage, Hararis, Oromos, Somalis, and others. In this way, they created the mythical Ethiopian empire as it is known today, resulting in conflict within the occupied nations that has been ongoing for decades.
Clan Cleansing in Somalia
In 1991, certain political and military leaders in Somalia, wishing to gain exclusive control over the state, mobilized their followers to use terror—wounding, raping, and killing—to expel a vast number of Somalis from the capital city of Mogadishu and south-central and southern Somalia. Manipulating clan sentiment, they succeeded in turning ordinary civilians against neighbors, friends, and coworkers. Although this episode of organized communal violence is common knowledge among Somalis, its real nature has not been publicly acknowledged and has been ignored, concealed, or misrepresented in scholarly works and political memoirs—until now. Marshaling a vast amount of source material, i...
Women of the Somali Diaspora
This book is about Somali mothers and daughters who came to Britain in the 1990s to escape civil war. Many had never left Somalia before, followed nomadic traditions, did not speak English, were bereaved and were suffering from PTSD. Their stories begin with war and genocide in the north, followed by harrowing journeys via refugee camps, then their arrival and survival in London. Joanna Lewis exposes how they rapidly recovered, mobilising their networks, social capital and professional skills. Crucial to the recovery of the now breakaway state of (former British) Somaliland, these women bore a huge burden, but inspired the next generation, with many today caught between London and a humanita...
After Independence
The majority of the existing work on nationalism has centered on its role in the creation of new states. After Independence breaks new ground by examining the changes to nationalism after independence in seven new states. This innovative volume challenges scholars and specialists to rethink conventional views of ethnic and civic nationalism and the division between primordial and constructivist understandings of national identity. "Where do nationalists go once they get what they want? We know rather little about how nationalist movements transform themselves into the governments of new states, or how they can become opponents of new regimes that, in their view, have not taken the self-deter...
The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures
Bringing together a group of international scholars, The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures provides the first review of intelligence cultures in every African country. It explores how intelligence cultures are influenced by a range of factors, including past and present societal, governmental and international dynamics. In doing so, the book examines the state’s role, civil society and foreign relations in shaping African countries’ intelligence norms, activities and oversight. It also explores the role intelligence services and cultures play in government and civil society.
“My Clan Against the World”: U.S. and Coalition Forces in Somalia 1992-1994
This study examines the American military's experience with urban operations in Somalia, particularly in the capital city of Mogadishu. That original focus can be found in the following pages, but the authors address other, broader issues as well, to include planning for a multinational intervention; workable and unworkable command and control arrangements; the advantages and problems inherent in coalition operations; the need for cultural awareness in a clan-based society whose status as a nation-state is problematic; the continuous adjustments required by a dynamic, often unpredictable situation; the political dimension of military activities at the operational and tactical levels; and the ability to match military power and capabilities to the mission at hand.
