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Founded in 1753, Portsmouth became the major port of entry for goods coming into North Carolina until around 1845. It served as a major hub for maritime trade up and down the East Coast of the United States and to the Caribbean. During the Civil War, most of the residents left the island, and very few of them returned after the war. Over the next century, many more residents left due to the bad hurricanes and lack of jobs. By the 1970s, the island was a deserted ghost town. The State of North Carolina began buying up the property on Portsmouth Island and, in 1976, gave the land to the Cape Lookout National Seashore. The Cape Lookout National Seashore has helped preserve the historic character of the village, which in turn has brought a surge in tourism. In 1994, the Friends of Portsmouth Island was formed. In addition to the National Seashore, it has worked to preserve the village as well as the history of the island.
New Bern was a valuable port city during the Civil War and the Confederates made many attempts to reclaim it. On March 14, 1862, Federal forces under the command of General Ambrose Burnside overwhelmed Confederate forces in the Battle of New Bern, capturing the town and its important seaport. From that time on, Confederates planned to retake the city. D.H. Hill and James J. Pettigrew made the first attempt but failed miserably. General George Pickett tried in February 1864. He nearly succeeded but called the attack off on the edge of victory. The Confederates made another charge in May led by General Robert Hoke. They had the city surrounded with superior forces when Lee called Hoke back to Richmond and ended the expedition. Author Jim White details the chaotic history of New Bern in the Civil War.
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In 1975, after three centuries of colonial rule, the people of the Northern Marianas exercised their right of self-determination to become U.S. citizens in a self-governing commonwealth under U.S. sovereignty. An Honorable Accord is the remarkable account of their tenacious efforts to shape a political future separate from other Micronesian peoples, of the negotiations that produced the Covenant defining the commonwealth relationship, and its eventual approval by the Northern Marianas people and the U.S. Congress.