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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Antarctica is our southernmost continent. It is nearly double the size of Australia. Antarctica is covered almost entirely by land ice called the Antarctic Ice Sheet and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. The Southern Ocean influences climate by taking up heat and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in deep waters. The cloud processes and aerosols over the Southern Ocean are complex and are important challenges for climate models. To understand the climate of the past, polar scientists drill ice cores through the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The ice core is a powerful tool that we can use to determine how the Earth's climate has changed and the information provided by historical ice ...
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This is the first comprehensive science-based textbook on the biology and ecology of the Baltic Sea, one of the world’s largest brackish water bodies. The aim of this book is to provide students and other readers with knowledge about the conditions for life in brackish water, the functioning of the Baltic Sea ecosystem and its environmental problems and management. It highlights biological variation along the unique environmental gradients of the brackish Baltic Sea Area (the Baltic Sea, Belt Sea and Kattegat), especially those in salinity and climate. pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#262626">The first part of the book presents the challenges for life processes and ecosystem dyn...
Im Winter ist das Südpolarmeer fast vollständig von Eis bedeckt. Kein Schiff wagt sich dann in diese Gegend. Der FS POLARSTERN, dem Forschungseisbrecher des Alfred-Wegener-Instituts, gelang die Überwinterung in der Antarktis. Heftige Schneestürme, tagelanges Driften mit den Eisschollen und eisige Minusgrade - das Buch nimmt Sie mit auf eine atemberaubende Expedition, zeigt die Schönheit des gefrorenen Ozeans und gibt einen tiefen Einblick in die Polarforschung.
Over the past 20 years the study of the frozen Arctic and Southern Oceans and sub-arctic seas has progressed at a remarkable pace. This third edition of Sea Ice gives insight into the very latest understanding of the how sea ice is formed, how we measure (and model) its extent, the biology that lives within and associated with sea ice and the effect of climate change on its distribution. How sea ice influences the oceanography of underlying waters and the influences that sea ice has on humans living in Arctic regions are also discussed. Featuring twelve new chapters, this edition follows two previous editions (2001 and 2010), and the need for this latest update exhibits just how rapidly the science of sea ice is developing. The 27 chapters are written by a team of more than 50 of the worlds’ leading experts in their fields. These combine to make the book the most comprehensive introduction to the physics, chemistry, biology and geology of sea ice that there is. This third edition of Sea Ice will be a key resource for all policy makers, researchers and students who work with the frozen oceans and seas.
Viral Ecology defines and explains the ecology of viruses by examining their interactions with their hosting species, including the types of transmission cycles that have evolved, encompassing principal and alternate hosts, vehicles, and vectors. It examines virology from an organismal biology approach, focusing on the concept that viral infections represent areas of overlap in the ecology of viruses, their hosts, and their vectors. The relationship between viruses and their hosting species The concept that viral interactions with their hosts represents a highly evolved aspect of organismal biology The types of transmission cycles which exist for viruses, including their hosts, vectors, and vehicles The concept that viral infections represent areas of overlap in the ecology of the viruses, their hosts, and their vectors