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Model Theoretic Methods in Finite Combinatorics
This volume contains the proceedings of the AMS-ASL Special Session on Model Theoretic Methods in Finite Combinatorics, held January 5-8, 2009, in Washington, DC. Over the last 20 years, various new connections between model theory and finite combinatorics emerged. The best known of these are in the area of 0-1 laws, but in recent years other very promising interactions between model theory and combinatorics have been developed in areas such as extremal combinatorics and graph limits, graph polynomials, homomorphism functions and related counting functions, and discrete algorithms, touching the boundaries of computer science and statistical physics. This volume highlights some of the main results, techniques, and research directions of the area. Topics covered in this volume include recent developments on 0-1 laws and their variations, counting functions defined by homomorphisms and graph polynomials and their relation to logic, recurrences and spectra, the logical complexity of graphs, algorithmic meta theorems based on logic, universal and homogeneous structures, and logical aspects of Ramsey theory.
Jordan Structures in Lie Algebras
Explores applications of Jordan theory to the theory of Lie algebras. After presenting the general theory of nonassociative algebras and of Lie algebras, the book then explains how properties of the Jordan algebra attached to a Jordan element of a Lie algebra can be used to reveal properties of the Lie algebra itself.
Applying the Classification of Finite Simple Groups
Classification of Finite Simple Groups (CFSG) is a major project involving work by hundreds of researchers. The work was largely completed by about 1983, although final publication of the “quasithin” part was delayed until 2004. Since the 1980s, CFSG has had a huge influence on work in finite group theory and in many adjacent fields of mathematics. This book attempts to survey and sample a number of such topics from the very large and increasingly active research area of applications of CFSG. The book is based on the author's lectures at the September 2015 Venice Summer School on Finite Groups. With about 50 exercises from original lectures, it can serve as a second-year graduate course for students who have had first-year graduate algebra. It may be of particular interest to students looking for a dissertation topic around group theory. It can also be useful as an introduction and basic reference; in addition, it indicates fuller citations to the appropriate literature for readers who wish to go on to more detailed sources.
The Dynamical Mordell–Lang Conjecture
The Dynamical Mordell-Lang Conjecture is an analogue of the classical Mordell-Lang conjecture in the context of arithmetic dynamics. It predicts the behavior of the orbit of a point x under the action of an endomorphism f of a quasiprojective complex variety X. More precisely, it claims that for any point x in X and any subvariety V of X, the set of indices n such that the n-th iterate of x under f lies in V is a finite union of arithmetic progressions. In this book the authors present all known results about the Dynamical Mordell-Lang Conjecture, focusing mainly on a p-adic approach which provides a parametrization of the orbit of a point under an endomorphism of a variety.
Kolmogorov Complexity and Algorithmic Randomness
Looking at a sequence of zeros and ones, we often feel that it is not random, that is, it is not plausible as an outcome of fair coin tossing. Why? The answer is provided by algorithmic information theory: because the sequence is compressible, that is, it has small complexity or, equivalently, can be produced by a short program. This idea, going back to Solomonoff, Kolmogorov, Chaitin, Levin, and others, is now the starting point of algorithmic information theory. The first part of this book is a textbook-style exposition of the basic notions of complexity and randomness; the second part covers some recent work done by participants of the “Kolmogorov seminar” in Moscow (started by Kolmogorov himself in the 1980s) and their colleagues. This book contains numerous exercises (embedded in the text) that will help readers to grasp the material.
Sugawara Operators for Classical Lie Algebras
The celebrated Schur-Weyl duality gives rise to effective ways of constructing invariant polynomials on the classical Lie algebras. The emergence of the theory of quantum groups in the 1980s brought up special matrix techniques which allowed one to extend these constructions beyond polynomial invariants and produce new families of Casimir elements for finite-dimensional Lie algebras. Sugawara operators are analogs of Casimir elements for the affine Kac-Moody algebras. The goal of this book is to describe algebraic structures associated with the affine Lie algebras, including affine vertex algebras, Yangians, and classical -algebras, which have numerous ties with many areas of mathematics and mathematical physics, including modular forms, conformal field theory, and soliton equations. An affine version of the matrix technique is developed and used to explain the elegant constructions of Sugawara operators, which appeared in the last decade. An affine analogue of the Harish-Chandra isomorphism connects the Sugawara operators with the classical -algebras, which play the role of the Weyl group invariants in the finite-dimensional theory.
Hilbert Schemes of Points and Infinite Dimensional Lie Algebras
Hilbert schemes, which parametrize subschemes in algebraic varieties, have been extensively studied in algebraic geometry for the last 50 years. The most interesting class of Hilbert schemes are schemes of collections of points (zero-dimensional subschemes) in a smooth algebraic surface . Schemes turn out to be closely related to many areas of mathematics, such as algebraic combinatorics, integrable systems, representation theory, and mathematical physics, among others. This book surveys recent developments of the theory of Hilbert schemes of points on complex surfaces and its interplay with infinite dimensional Lie algebras. It starts with the basics of Hilbert schemes of points and present...
Groups, Rings, Group Rings, and Hopf Algebras
This volume contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Groups, Rings, Group Rings, and Hopf Algebras, held October 2–4, 2015 at Loyola University, Chicago, IL, and the AMS Special Session on Groups, Rings, Group Rings, and Hopf Algebras, held October 3–4, 2015, at Loyola University, Chicago, IL. Both conferences were held in honor of Donald S. Passman's 75th Birthday. Centered in the area of group rings and algebras, this volume contains a mixture of cutting edge research topics in group theory, ring theory, algebras and their representations, Hopf algebras and quantum groups.
Weak Convergence of Measures
This book provides a thorough exposition of the main concepts and results related to various types of convergence of measures arising in measure theory, probability theory, functional analysis, partial differential equations, mathematical physics, and other theoretical and applied fields. Particular attention is given to weak convergence of measures. The principal material is oriented toward a broad circle of readers dealing with convergence in distribution of random variables and weak convergence of measures. The book contains the necessary background from measure theory and functional analysis. Large complementary sections aimed at researchers present the most important recent achievements. More than 100 exercises (ranging from easy introductory exercises to rather difficult problems for experienced readers) are given with hints, solutions, or references. Historic and bibliographic comments are included. The target readership includes mathematicians and physicists whose research is related to probability theory, mathematical statistics, functional analysis, and mathematical physics.
Transcendence in Algebra, Combinatorics, Geometry and Number Theory
This proceedings volume gathers together original articles and survey works that originate from presentations given at the conference Transient Transcendence in Transylvania, held in Brașov, Romania, from May 13th to 17th, 2019. The conference gathered international experts from various fields of mathematics and computer science, with diverse interests and viewpoints on transcendence. The covered topics are related to algebraic and transcendental aspects of special functions and special numbers arising in algebra, combinatorics, geometry and number theory. Besides contributions on key topics from invited speakers, this volume also brings selected papers from attendees.
