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First published in 1956, The English Master of Arms presents a fascinating chapter of social history, not merely of fencing. It was the common custom of gentlemen to bear arms, and the background to this custom is an important aspect of history of manners and conduct. Changes in social condition made the weapon an accessory to dress rather than a protective equipment; but the enthusiasm for the cult of arms increased. Amply encouraged, the Master of Arms brought his art ever nearer to perfection; at the same time, he became a recognised arbiter of conduct, for he insisted upon the exact observance of a strict code of honour, of courtesy, and of self-restraint. Essentially unassuming, he relied for his social influence upon his own example, and he seemed to his contemporaries such an unchanging unit in the established order of life that it did not occur to them to hand down their impressions to succeeding generations. This book is an effort to remedy their omission by recording from widely scattered sources the simple annals of the English Master of Arms, of how he emerged, established his schools, and taught his art.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1867.
American Catholic hymnal
Many books have discussed boxing in the ancient world, but this is the first to describe how boxing was reborn in the modern world. Modern boxing began in the Middle Ages in England as a criminal activity. It then became a sport supported by the kings and aristocracy. Later it was again outlawed and only in the 20th century has it become a sport popular around the world. This book describes how modern boxing began in England as an outgrowth of the native English sense of fair play. It demonstrates that boxing was the common man's alternative to the sword duel of honor, and argues that boxing and fair play helped Englishmen avoid the revolutions common to France, Italy and Germany during the ...
Scholars consider the origins and consequences of the evolution of multicellularity, addressing a range of organisms, experimental protocols, theoretical concepts, and philosophical issues. The evolution of multicellularity raises questions regarding genomic and developmental commonalities and discordances, selective advantages and disadvantages, physical determinants of development, and the origins of morphological novelties. It also represents a change in the definition of individuality, because a new organism emerges from interactions among single cells. This volume considers these and other questions, with contributions that explore the origins and consequences of the evolution of multic...