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Since 1951, the prestigious Les Houches summer school has given rigorous graduate programmes in France. In July 2009, the first Les Houches school outside Europe took place in Singapore. This volume gathers the lectures conducted at the four-week school, focused on two exciting key topics: quantum information science and ultracold atomic physics.
This book provides a pedagogical introduction to the concepts and methods of quantum field theory necessary for the study of condensed matter and ultracold atomic gases. After a thorough discussion of the basic methods of field theory and many-body physics (functional integrals, perturbation theory, Feynman diagrams, correlation functions and linear response theory, symmetries and their consequences, etc.), the book covers a wide range of topics, from electron gas and Fermi-liquid theory to superfluidity and superconductivity, magnetic instabilities in electron systems, and dynamical mean-field theory of Mott transition. The focus is on the study of model Hamiltonians, where the microscopic physics and characteristic energy scales are encoded into a few effective parameters, rather than first-principle methods which start from a realistic Hamiltonian at the microscopic level and then make material-specific predictions. The reader is expected to be familiar with elementary quantum mechanics and statistical physics, and some acquaintance with condensed-matter physics and ultracold gases may also be useful. No prior knowledge of field theory or many-body problem is required.
This fifteenth volume of the Poincare Seminar Series, Dirac Matter, describes the surprising resurgence, as a low-energy effective theory of conducting electrons in many condensed matter systems, including graphene and topological insulators, of the famous equation originally invented by P.A.M. Dirac for relativistic quantum mechanics. In five highly pedagogical articles, as befits their origin in lectures to a broad scientific audience, this book explains why Dirac matters. Highlights include the detailed "Graphene and Relativistic Quantum Physics", written by the experimental pioneer, Philip Kim, and devoted to graphene, a form of carbon crystallized in a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice,...
Graphite, Graphene, and Their Polymer Nanocomposites presents a compilation of emerging research trends in graphene-based polymer nanocomposites (GPNC). International researchers from several disciplines share their expertise about graphene, its properties, and the behavior of graphene-based composites. Possibly the first published monograph of its kind, this book provides a comprehensive snapshot of graphite, graphene, and their PNCs, including the underlying physics and chemistry, and associated applications. Beginning with an introduction to natural and synthetic graphite, the precursors to graphene, the text describes their properties, characterization techniques, and prominent commercia...
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Ce livre est un cours clair et accessible de la théorie quantique. Si l’exposé est "scolaire" par nécessité, il est également culturel en resituant les problématiques abordées dans une perspective plus large afin de montrer comment elles se placent dans l’évolution naturelle des connaissances. Notamment, l’élaboration historique de la mécanique quantique est exposée dans ses grandes lignes afin de montrer comment une théorie peut être construite par essai et erreur dans une confrontation systématique entre expériences et tentatives théoriques.
L'ouvrage introduit la démarche développée par les physiciens pour répondre à la question suivante : comment décrire les phénomènes collectifs (à l'échelle « macroscopique ») à partir des lois décrivant la dynamique élémentaire (à l'échelle « microscopique ») ? Basée sur le langage probabiliste, la physique statistique permet par exemple de prédire les propriétés thermodynamiques d'un gaz à partir de la description mécanique du mouvement des atomes. Si l'objet initial de cette théorie fondamentale était de fonder les lois de la thermodynamique, son champ d'application est aujourd'hui si vaste (matière diluée, matière condensée, plasmas, astrophysique, chimie.....
Modern science informs us about the end of the universe: "game over" is the message which lies ahead of our world. Christian theology, on the other hand, sees in the end not the cessation of all life, but rather an invitation to play again, in God's presence. Is there a way to articulate together such vastly different claims? Eschatology is a theological topic which merits being considered from several different angles. This book seeks to do this by gathering contributions from esteemed and fresh voices from the fields of biblical exegesis, history, systematic theology, philosophy, and ethics. How can we make sense, today, of Jesus' (and the New Testament's) eschatological message? How did h...
Ce manuel est destiné aux étudiants des licences et masters de physique, aux candidats au CAPES ou à l’Agrégation, ainsi qu’aux élèves ingénieurs. Le cours, illustré par de nombreuses expériences, aborde les points essentiels de la mécanique quantique, parmi lesquels : l’étude de l’équation d’onde de Schrödinger, le rôle des symétries, le problème de l’indiscernabilité des particules identiques, les méthodes d’approximation et les problèmes dépendant du temps. Sont abordées également la théorie de la collision ou l’étude de la dynamique d’une particule en champ magnétique. Une centaine d’exercices et de problèmes sont proposés et accompagnés de corrigés détaillés mettant en évidence la méthodologie. Dans cette seconde édition actualisée, des exemples, des problèmes et des expériences ont été ajoutés afin de faciliter la compréhension des notions les plus complexes.