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Neuromodulation is among the fastest-growing areas of medicine, involving many diverse specialties and affecting hundreds of thousands of patients with numerous disorders worldwide. It can briefly be described as the science of how electrical, chemical, and mechanical interventions can modulate the nervous system function. A prominent example of neuromodulation is deep brain stimulation (DBS), an intervention that reflects a fundamental shift in the understanding of neurological and psychiatric diseases: namely as resulting from a dysfunctional activity pattern in a defined neuronal network that can be normalized by targeted stimulation. The application of DBS has grown remarkably and more than 130,000 patients worldwide have obtained a DBS intervention in the past 30 years—most of them for treating movement disorders. This Frontiers Research Topics provides an overview on the current discussion beyond basic research in DBS and other brain stimulation technologies. Researchers from various disciplines, who are working on broader clinical, ethical and social issues related to DBS and related neuromodulation technologies, have contributed to this research topic.
Psychiatric and cognitive changes are common in patients with Parkinson's disease and have key clinical consequences but, despite this, these symptoms are often under-diagnosed and under-treated, leading to increased morbidity and costs. With chapters focused on the major neuropsychiatric features, Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Changes in Parkinson's Disease and Related Movement Disorders rectifies this deficit. Written by experts in the field, with a consistent focus on relevant clinical knowledge, it provides a comprehensive overview including all the major behavioral changes associated with movement disorders. The book provides broad, in-depth, accurate and up-to-date scientific information as well as crucial understanding and practical tools to help patients. The book is essential reading for clinicians working in neurology, psychiatry and geriatric medicine.
This important book discusses today’s most current and cutting-edge applications of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). The book begins with reviews of the functional anatomy and physiology of motor and nonmotor aspects of the basal ganglia and their connections which underlie the application of DBS to neurological and psychiatric disorders. This is followed by proposed mechanisms of action of DBS based on functional neuroimaging and neurophysiologic studies in animals and man.
Written by an international group of renowned experts, the Fifth Edition of this premier reference provides comprehensive, current information on the genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment, and behavioral and psychologic concomitants of all common and uncommon movement disorders. Coverage includes Parkinson's disease, other neurodegenerative diseases, tremors, dystonia, Tourette's syndrome, Huntington's disease, and ataxias. This edition features extensive updates on genetics, imaging, and therapeutics of Parkinson's disease, other parkinsonian disorders, and all hyperkinetic movement disorders. A bound-in CD-ROM, Video Atlas of Movement Disorders, demonstrates the movement and posture abnormalities and other disturbances associated with Parkinson's disease and other neurologic disorders.
This book draws on medical sociology and science and technology studies to develop a novel conceptual framework for understanding innovation processes, using the case study of deep brain stimulation in paediatric neurology. It addresses key questions, including: How are promising and potentially disruptive new health technologies integrated into busy resource-constrained clinical contexts? What activities are involved in establishing a new clinical service? How do social and cultural forces shape these services, and importantly, how are understandings of ‘health’ and ‘illness’ reconfigured in the process? The book explores how the ideals of patient-centred medicine influence innovation in the clinic, and it introduces the concept of patient-centred proto-platforms. It argues that patient-centred innovation can constitute an expansion of medical power, as the clinical gaze is directed not only towards the body but also towards the patient as a social being. This will be an innovative and insightful read for academics and advanced students, as well as health service researchers with an interest in technology adoption processes.
This Research Topic contains proceedings of the final conference for COST Action BM1101 “Network of dystonia syndromes”. The topic highlights consolidated knowledge and unmet needs in a field that is evolving very fast. This publication is based upon work from COST Action BM1101, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
The anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia and their relation to brain and behavior, disorders and therapies, and philosophy of mind and moral values. The main task of the basal ganglia—a group of subcortical nuclei, located at the base of the brain—is to optimize and execute our automatic behavior. In this book, Hagai Bergman analyzes the anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia, discussing their relation to brain and behavior, to disorders and therapies, and even to moral values. Drawing on his forty years of studying the basal ganglia, Bergman presents new information on physiology and computational models, Parkinson’s disease and other ganglia-related disorders, and such th...
Provides a comprehensive update on therapies for Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders Describes the basic mechanisms of neurodegeneration, pharmacologic interventions for motor and non-motor symptoms, and surgical management Features summary tables and algorithms that serve as a quick reference guide for practical treatment decisions The expert guidance of recognised authorities will enable readers of this book to plan their patients’ care with greater confidence
The analysis of neurophysiological brain function is a highly interdisciplinary field of research. In addition to the traditional areas of psychology and neurobiology, various other scientific disciplines, such as physics, mathematics, computer science, and engineering, are involved. The book reviews a wide spectrum of model-based analyses of neurophysiological brain function. In the first part, physical and physiological models and synergetic concepts are presented. The second part focuses on analysis methods and their applications to EEG/MEG data sets. It reviews methods of source localization, the investigation of synchronization processes, and spatio-temporal modeling based on dynamical systems theory. The book includes contributions by well-known scientists such as Hermann Haken, Scott Kelso and Paul Nunez, among others. It is written for students and scientists from all the above-mentioned fields.
The story of a neural impulse and what it reveals about how our brains work We see the last cookie in the box and think, can I take that? We reach a hand out. In the 2.1 seconds that this impulse travels through our brain, billions of neurons communicate with one another, sending blips of voltage through our sensory and motor regions. Neuroscientists call these blips “spikes.” Spikes enable us to do everything: talk, eat, run, see, plan, and decide. In The Spike, Mark Humphries takes readers on the epic journey of a spike through a single, brief reaction. In vivid language, Humphries tells the story of what happens in our brain, what we know about spikes, and what we still have left to u...