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A study of canvasback (Aythya valisineria) breeding populations, nest success, productivity, and habitat requirements was conducted from 1961 to 1972 on a 181.3 square kilometer area south of Minnedosa, Manitoba.
Each fall and spring, millions of birds travel the Pacific Flyway, the westernmost of the four major North American bird migration routes. The landscapes they cross vary from wetlands to farmland to concrete, inhabited not only by wildlife but also by farmers, suburban families, and major cities. In the twentieth century, farmers used the wetlands to irrigate their crops, transforming the landscape and putting migratory birds at risk. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service responded by establishing a series of refuges that stretched from northern Washington to southern California. What emerged from these efforts was a hybrid environment, where the distinctions between irrigated farms and wildlif...
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Emphasis is on the needs of the 48 species of ducks, geese and swans, and the conservation of the lands and waters which sustain them.
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