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This history is mostly of the farming community of Farmingdale.
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This is the first history of the Jewish agricultural colonies that were established in Crimea and Southern Ukraine in 1924 and that, fewer than 20 years later, ended in tragedy. Jonathan Dekel-Chen opens an extraordinary window on Soviet rural life during these turbulent years, and he documents the remarkable relations that developed among the American-Jewish sponsors of the ambitious project, the Soviet authorities, and the colonists themselves. Drawing on extensive and largely untouched archives and a wealth of previously unpublished oral histories, the book revises what has been understood about these agricultural settlements. Dekel-Chen offers new conclusions about integration and separation among Soviet Jews, the contours of international relations, and the balance of political forces within the Jewish world during this volatile period.
For almost a century, the largest concentration of Jewish farmers outside of Russia or Israel survived as a community in upstate New York, prospering on land that others in the area essentially had abandoned. Using archival records that date to the nineteenth century and extensive interviews with the farm families and others, Abe Lavender and Clarence Steinberg tell the story of immigrants from Eastern Europe and New York's Lower East Side who came together in the Catskill Mountains with dreams, ambitions, and fortitude to forge a common culture.
Maristella Botticini and Zvi Eckstein show that, contrary to previous explanations, this transformation was driven not by anti-Jewish persecution and legal restrictions, but rather by changes within Judaism itself after 70 CE--most importantly, the rise of a new norm that required every Jewish male to read and study the Torah and to send his sons to school. Over the next six centuries, those Jews who found the norms of Judaism too costly to obey converted to other religions, making world Jewry shrink. Later, when urbanization and commercial expansion in the newly established Muslim Caliphates increased the demand for occupations in which literacy was an advantage, the Jews found themselves literate in a world of almost universal illiteracy. From then forward, almost all Jews entered crafts and trade, and many of them began moving in search of business opportunities, creating a worldwide Diaspora in the process.
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V.I:Aach-Apocalyptic lit.--V.2: Apocrypha-Benash--V.3:Bencemero-Chazanuth--V.4:Chazars-Dreyfus--V.5: Dreyfus-Brisac-Goat--V.6: God-Istria--V.7:Italy-Leon--V.8:Leon-Moravia--V.9:Morawczyk-Philippson--V.10:Philippson-Samoscz--V.11:Samson-Talmid--V.12: Talmud-Zweifel.
Ornstein's work explains what it was like for a Jewish family to own and work a family farm surrounded by gentiles and isolated from the Jewish community. It is essentially the author's memoir told in a conversational style, and it captures the sights and sounds of rural surroundings, the intricacies of farming in Geauga County Ohio, the voices of neighbours and visitors, and perceptive insights into the meaning of the family's experience and the rural way of life.