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Re-establishment of Ectomycorrhizae from Refugia Bordering Regenerating Douglas-fir Stands on Vancouver Island
Worldwide, almost all conifer trees rely on mutually beneficial relationships between their feeder roots and certain types of soil fungi. These formations are known as ectomycorrhizae (EM) and play an important role in nutrient-cycling and protecting host trees from drought and disease. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco), a dominant tree species in coastal British Columbia, is one example of a conifer known to form such symbioses. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of refugia on the rate of recovery of ectomycorrhizae (EM) diversity in clearcut and replanted Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests in British Columbia, Canada.--Document.
A Method for Estimating Canopy Openness, Effective Leaf Area Index, and Photosynthetically Active Photon Flux Density Using Hemispherical Photography and Computerized Image Analysis Techniques
Hemispherical canopy photography is an indirect method for measuring various components of forest canopy structure and solar radiation flux within and below forest canopies. The method utilizes a 180-degree fisheye-lens camera to capture and record the position, size, and shape of openings or gaps in a forest canopy. During late summer 1995, eight sites on southern Vancouver Island were intensively sampled using hemispherical photographic methods. This document describes the general theory, approach, and analytical tools associated with hemispherical canopy photography and computerized image analysis in the context of this research. As a result, a technical protocol has been devised that can be adopted, modified, and improved upon by those interested in using hemispherical techniques for similar research initiatives. Recommendations are made to improve the quality and reliability of future hemispherical image analysis systems. Appendices include information on measurement of fisheye lens distortion and the effect on the calculation of gap fraction magnitude and distribution, and a model for estimating percent open sky and leaf area index.
Canadiana
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Information Report
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Conservation Catalysts
"This multi-author volume explores large-landscape conservation projects catalyzed by colleges, universities, independent field stations, and research organizations around the world. These initiatives are grand-scale, cross-boundary, cross-sectoral, and cross-disciplinary efforts to protect working and wild landscapes and waterscapes in Australia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Honduras, Kenya, Tanzania, Trinidad & Tobago, and the United States"--
Carbon Dioxide and Environmental Stress
This book focuses on the interactive effects of environmental stresses with plant and ecosystem functions, especially with respect to changes in the abundance of carbon dioxide. The interaction of stresses with elevated carbon dioxide are presented from the cellular through whole plant ecosystem level. The book carefully considers not only the responses of the above-ground portion of the plant, but also emphasizes the critical role of below-ground (rhizosphere) components (e.g., roots, microbes, soil) in determining the nature and magnitude of these interactions.* Will rising CO2 alter the importance of environmental stress in natural and agricultural ecosystems?* Will environmental stress on plants reduce their capacity to remove CO2 from the atmosphere?* Are some stresses more important than others as we concern ourselves with global change?* Can we develop predictive models useful for scientists and policy-makers?* Where should future research efforts be focused?
