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Does Neuroscience Have Normative Implications?
This book brings together a number of essays that are optimistic about the ways certain neuroscientific insights might advance philosophical ethics, and other essays that are more circumspect about the relevance of neuroscience to philosophical ethics. As a whole, the essays form a self-reflective body of work that simultaneously seeks to derive normative ethical implications from neuroscience, and to question whether and how that may be possible at all. In doing so, the collection brings together psychology, neuroscience, philosophy of mind, ethics, and philosophy of science. Neuroscience seeks to understand the biological systems that guide human behavior and cognition. Normative ethics, on the other hand, seeks to understand the system of abstract moral principles dictating how people ought to behave. By studying how the human brain makes moral judgments, can philosophers learn anything about the nature of morality itself? A growing number of researchers believe that neuroscience can, indeed, provide insights into the questions of philosophical ethics. However, even these advocates acknowledge that the path from neuroscientific is to normative ethical ought can be quite fraught.
Neuroethics and Cultural Diversity
There is a growing discussion concerning the relationship between neuroethical reflections and cultural diversity, which is among the most impactful factors in shaping neuroethics, both as a scientific discipline and a social enterprise. The impacts of culture on science and its public perception are particularly relevant to neuroethics, which aims to facilitate the creation of an interface between neuroscience and society at large. Time is ripe for neuroethics to review the influence of the culturally specific contexts from which it originated (i.e. North America and Western Europe) and to also include other cultural perspectives in the discussion. This book illustrates a convergent approach among different cultures in identifying the main issues raised by neuroscience and emerging technologies. This should be taken as a starting point for advancing in the search for shared solutions, which are, if not definitive, at least sufficiently reliable to be translated into democratic deliberative processes.
The Human Sciences after the Decade of the Brain
The Human Sciences after the Decade of the Brain brings together exciting new works that address today's key challenges for a mutual interaction between cognitive neuroscience and the social sciences and humanities. Taking up the methodological and conceptual problems of choosing a neuroscience approach to disciplines such as philosophy, history, ethics and education, the book deepens discussions on a range of epistemological, historical, and sociological questions about the "neuro-turn" in the new millennium. The book's three sections focus on (i) epistemological questions posed by neurobiologically informed approaches to philosophy and history, (ii) neuroscience's influence on explanations...
The Routledge Handbook of Neuroethics
The Routledge Handbook of Neuroethics offers the reader an informed view of how the brain sciences are being used to approach, understand, and reinvigorate traditional philosophical questions, as well as how those questions, with the grounding influence of neuroscience, are being revisited beyond clinical and research domains. It also examines how contemporary neuroscience research might ultimately impact our understanding of relationships, flourishing, and human nature. Written by 61 key scholars and fresh voices, the Handbook’s easy-to-follow chapters appear here for the first time in print and represent the wide range of viewpoints in neuroethics. The volume spotlights new technologies ...
Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction
What does it mean to be an expert? What sort of authority do experts really have? And what role should they play in today's society? Addressing why ever larger segments of society are skeptical of what experts say, Expertise: A Philosophical Introduction reviews contemporary philosophical debates and introduces what an account of expertise needs to accomplish in order to be believed. Drawing on research from philosophers and sociologists, chapters explore widely held accounts of expertise and uncover their limitations, outlining a set of conceptual criteria a successful account of expertise should meet. By providing suggestions for how a philosophy of expertise can inform practical disciplines such as politics, religion, and applied ethics, this timely introduction to a topic of pressing importance reveals what philosophical thinking about expertise can contribute to growing concerns about experts in the 21st century.
Brainmedia
Will we ever be able to see the brain at work? Could it be possible to observe thinking and feeling as if watching a live broadcast from within the human head? Brainmedia uncovers past and present examples of scientists and science educators who conceptualize and demonstrate the active human brain guided by new media technologies: from exhibitions of giant illuminated brain models and staged projections of brainwave recordings to live televised brain broadcasts, brains hooked up to computers and experiments with “brain-to-brain” synchronization. Drawing on archival material, Brainmedia outlines a new history of “live brains,” arguing that practices of-and ideas about-mediation impacted the imagination of seeing the brain at work. By combining accounts of scientists examining brains in laboratories with examples of public demonstrations and exhibitions of brain research, Brainmedia casts new light on popularization practices, placing them at the heart of scientific work.
"Altern ja – aber gesundes Altern"
Die Anti-Aging-Medizin in Deutschland ist angetreten, um Anti-Aging als seriöse Präventivmedizin neu zu begründen. Worin besteht die Neubegründung? Wie ist sie zu bewerten? Um das zu klären, wird ein kontextualisierter Begriff von Anti-Aging vorgeschlagen und der multidisziplinäre Forschungsstand aufgearbeitet. Ausgehend von einer Vermittlung zwischen soziologischen und ethischen Ansätzen wird ein wissenssoziologischer Zugriff gewählt und ethisch erweitert: Die Alterung wird in der deutschen Anti-Aging-Medizin nicht mehr als Krankheit verstanden, sondern als Risiko, dem es präventiv vorzubeugen gilt. Herkömmlichen Anti-Aging-Maßnahmen wird eine individuelle Risikodiagnostik vorgeschaltet und mehr Eigenverantwortung für gesundheitliche Alterungsrisiken gefordert. Aus sozialgerontologischer Perspektive stellen sich ethische Fragen, u. a. was das Altersbild und das Verantwortungskonzept betrifft. Modellhaft lässt sich daran die aktuelle Diskussion über Alter und Gesundheit hinterfragen.
Das verdatete Tier
Als Folge der Verdatung von Tieren und zugleich auch ihrer Medialisierung zeichnen sich neue Formen des Miteinander ab: Tiere, Technik und Menschen bilden einen Kollaborationsverbund. Auffallend sind neben den enormen Datenmassen, die das Tier in den Zustand einer medial vermittelten Transparenznatur versetzen ebenso die Frage, wer denn überhaupt über Handlungsmacht und über Medienkompetenz verfügt. Die Beiträge in diesem Sammelband nehmen diese neuen, artenübergreifenden Kollaborationen und Sozialitäten mit ihren spezifischen Kommunikationsstrukturen interdisziplinär in den Blick und befragen ihre technischen und epistemologischen Wirkweisen.
