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Tropical Biodiversity: Why Should We Care?
When we look at our planet’s species distribution, we observe a very interesting pattern: as we move from the Poles to the Equator, the number of species drastically increases. This is what has been called ‘latitudinal gradient of species diversity’. In short, it means that tropical areas, which are located between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, harbor a greater number of species than temperate areas. We still don’t know exactly what causes (or have caused) this phenomenon, but we know that it resulted in high endism, that is, a large number of animals and plants unique to these areas. The tropical areas of the globe are an intricate patchwork of various ecosystems...
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2020 Highlights
If nothing else, 2020 reminded us that, whether we like it or not, human society forms part of a broader ecological community that includes species with management challenges. My experience in Melbourne highlighted how environmental threats to humanity are best managed when governments adopt evidence-based strategies (that might also require incentives for human cooperation). Fundamental research, ranging from quantitative natural history to broader insights about ecological and evolutionary processes, invariably forms the backbone of such evidence. The collection of papers in this 2020 Highlights eBook represents a sample of articles in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution that contribute to our collective wisdom in the discipline and generated sizeable interest among our readers. We hope you also find them interesting.
Active and Passive Plasmonic Devices for Optical Communications
A short introduction to the theory of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is given. The application of the SPPs in on-chip signal processing is discussed. In particular, two concepts of plasmonic modulators are reported, wherein the SPPs are modulated by 40 Gbit/s electrical signals. Phase and Mach-Zehnder modulators employing the Pockels effect in electro-optic organic materials are discussed. A few micro-meter long SPP absorption modulator based on a thin layer of indium-tin-oxide is reported.
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