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Liberation theology is often characterized as rejecting democracy and, based upon their option for the poor, advocating a form of socialism. This claim is challenged through an analysis of the works of Brazilian liberation theologians, Catholic social teaching, and studies on the base community movements in Brazil from the imposition of military rule through democratization (1964-1992). Liberation theologians initially rejected liberal democracy, but by the nineties were advocating a participatory and ecological democracy. However, they differed on how such a democracy was to be achieved in the competitive political party arena. In addition, increasing ecclesiastical opposition and the collapse of existent socialist regimes marginalized liberation theologians' vision of an inclusive, participatory democracy.
This book presents different practices and strategies for the English as an additional language classroom as well as units that could be adapted to various grade levels, English language proficiency levels, and linguistic and cultural backgrounds. The research, lessons, and concepts included in the book present innovative ideas in EAL education. The chapters are the result of a professional learning program for 30 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers from Brazil, held at the University of Miami’s School of Education and Human Development in the Spring semester of 2018. The program, entitled “Six-Week English Language Certificate Program for High School English Teachers from Brazil (PDPI),” contained several components related to language development and methodology, including orality, reading, writing, linguistic and grammatical knowledge, and interculturality. The program was guided by the principle of multiliteracies, with a focus on English language development through new possibilities to participate in meaning making that incorporates verbal, visual, body language, gestures, and audiovisual resources.
It has been proposed that the brain works in a Bayesian manner, and based on the free-energy principle, the brain's main function is to reduce environmental uncertainty; this is a proposed model as a universal principle governing adaptive brain function and structure. There are many pathophysiological, and clinical observations that can be easily explained by predictive Bayesian brain models. However, the novel applications of Bayesian models in translational neuroscience has been understudied and underreported. For example, variational Bayesian mixed-effects inference has been successfully tested for classification studies. A multi-task Bayesian compressive sensing approach to simultaneously estimate the full posterior of the CSA-ODF and diffusion-weighted volumes from multi-shell HARDI acquisitions has been recently publishe
This book reviews various modified gravity models, including those with modifications in the pure gravitational sector; those involving extra fields, that is, scalar-tensor and vector-tensor gravity theories; gravity models with Lorentz symmetry breaking; and nonlocal gravity models. The authors discuss both classical and quantum aspects of these theories. The book is unique in bringing together all the current alternatives to Einstein gravity in one source and serves as an excellent starting point for graduate students and other newcomers seeking an overview.
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