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The field of pediatric nutrition has grown extensively in terms of discoveries, research, and trends. The 97th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, which took place on 15-16 June 2022, brought together international experts who examined these developments over the last 100 years and discussed the future directions they envision.
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Most indigenous microbes occur in the intestinal tract, and their interactions with the host are largely unknown. Current understanding of host-microbe interactions links early microbial contact to the origin of disease, a theory that has its roots in the hygiene hypothesis. Modern life style appears to deprive the infant of conditions that provide adequate anti-inflammatory or tolerogenic stimuli upon antigen encounter. Thus, maturational signals from the environment and the diet are insufficient to adequately shape the immune system. This publication deals with the relationship between the gut microbiota as well as altered pattern of early microbial contact and the origin of human disease. New aspects of the original hygiene hypothesis are discussed in relation to disorders spanning from allergy and autoimmunity to obesity.The results presented suggest that all these disorders may be linked to aberrant antigen absorption and immune responses associated with dysfunction of mucosal defense. Researchers, clinicians and students interested in the interaction of the host with indigenous gut bacteria and the consequences for human health will find this publication of utmost interest.
Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Endocrinology: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management systematically examines the normal and abnormal endocrinology of the pregnant and lactating female and of the fetus and neonate. This reference volume expands coverage of specific disorders and diseases beyond the current endocrinology content on the market, which in most cases has a paragraph or no mention at all about pregnancy or aspects of fetal/neonatal development. - Formalized source of maternal/fetal endocrine physiology and pathophysiology - Key reference for fellows and residents for rarer endocrine pathologies - Integrated presentation of new molecular and genetic causes of endocrine disorders - Bridges the experience/knowledge gap of endocrinopathies rarely encountered in pregnancy