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When the United States acquired New Mexico by invasion and conquest, it inherited a land grant problem of considerable magnitude. This problem continued for decades until 1870 when Congress suddenly declined to act at all on any New Mexico grant claim including the 1841 Maxwell Land Grant which embraced almost two million acres.
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From the end of the seventeenth century to the mid-nineteenth century, Spain (and later Mexico) made land grants to individuals, towns, and groups to promote development in the frontier lands that now constitute the American Southwest. In New Mexico, these land grants fulfilled several purposes: to encourage settlement, reward patrons of the Spanish government, and create a buffer zone to separate hostile Native American tribes from the more populated regions of New Spain. Spain also extended land grants to several indigenous pueblo cultures, which had occupied the areas granted long before Spanish settlers arrived in the Southwest. Under Spanish and Mexican law, common land was set aside as part of the original grant for the use of the entire community. Literature on land grants in New Mexico and popular terminology generally distinguish between two kinds of land grants: community land grants and individual land grants. Our research identified a total of 295 grants made by Spain and Mexico during this period. Appendix I contains a list of these grants.
The records had been under the care of the Bureau of Land Management from 1854 to 1973. In 1973 the records were transferred to the New Mexico Records Center and Archives.
En sus orígenes, el Derecho penal excluyó a las víctimas del delito. No fue sino hasta dos siglos después que el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos se construyó en torno a las víctimas, sobre todo, aquellas que surgieron del periodo histórico del Holocausto.Es a partir de ese momento que se formaron las bases de un nuevo paradigma en el derecho penal y en las políticas de la criminalidad, los cuales comenzaron a sustentarse sobre los principios de la dignidad humana.Este libro, escrito por José Zamora Grant da cuenta de la clara dicotomía y compleja del papel que las víctimas juegan frente a los sistemas de justicia penal, tomando en cuenta su complejo origen, sobre todo, en aquellos países, que, como México, han recogido importante derechos para las víctimas en sus sistemas jurídicos.