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Plants, like other living organisms, require oxygen and water supplies for sustaining their normal growth and development. The water requirement is generally met through a coordinated system of root-to-shoot communication. However, excessive soil moisture in the rhizosphere can impact normal functioning of plants by restricting oxygen supplies to the roots. To survive under hypoxic conditions, plants show cellular, molecular, and functional level adaptations. One temporary response could be switching to anaerobic respiration, and maintain energy production to some extent, via glycolysis and ethanol fermentation. However, root respiration, water, and nutrient uptake, and hormonal synthesis are severely impacted under sustained periods of oxygen deficiency. These belowground changes, in turn, affect shoot performance and yield formation by interfering with the key physiological processes.
This book describes nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) functions in higher plants. Much progress has been made in the field of NO and H2O2 research regarding the various mechanisms and functions of these two molecules, particularly regarding stress tolerance and signaling processes, but there are still gaps to be filled. NO and H2O2 are both crucial regulators of development, and act as signaling molecules at each step of the plant lifecycle, while also playing important roles in biotic and abiotic responses to environmental cues. The book summarizes key advances in the field of NO and H2O2 research, focusing on a range of processes including: signaling, metabolism, seed germination, development, sexual reproduction, fruit ripening, and defense.
This book describes the photooxidation and autoxidation of the lipid components of phototrophic organisms. These two processes, which act intensively during the senescence of phototrophs, have been relatively neglected in the relevant literature. The text details the mechanisms involved in type-II photosensitized oxidation and free radical oxidation (autoxidation) of the main unsaturated lipids, with a close focus on the specificity of the oxidation products formed and their potential to serve as tracers of these processes. It then discusses the effects of temperature and solar irradiance on the efficiency of type-II photooxidation processes, and looks at the possibility of photooxidative damage transferring into non-phototrophic material. The book ends with a detailed description of potential interactions between biotic and abiotic degradation processes, which, although very complex, must absolutely be factored in when studying the fate of organic matter in the environment.
Response of Field Crops to Abiotic Stress: Current Status and Future Prospects is a collection of useful scientific resources for students, researchers, and academicians on diverse aspects of abiotic stress responses in field crops. The book provides its readers with a vivid understanding of abiotic stress responses in field crops by covering diverse aspects. It offers exhaustive explanations of the impact and responses of field crops to abiotic stresses. This book offers comprehensive coverage of: Climate change impact on field crops Arsenic and aluminium stress responses in field crops Drought, high temperature, and flooding stress responses in field crops Salinity and osmotic stress responses in field crops Heavy metal stress responses in field crops UV stress responses Elemental biofortification Reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism Nutraceutical and human health Computational modelling approaches for abiotic stresses in plants
Plants often encounter abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, flooding, high/low temperatures, and metal toxicity, among others. The majority of these stresses occur simultaneously and thus limit crop production. Therefore, the need of the hour is to improve the abiotic stresses tolerance of crop plants by integrating physiology, omics, and modern breeding approaches. This book covers various aspects including (1) abiotic stress responses in plants and progress made so far in the allied areas for trait improvements, (2) integrates knowledge gained from basic physiology to advanced omics tools to assist new breeding technologies, and (3) discusses key genes, proteins, and metabolites or pathways for developing new crop varieties with improved tolerance traits.
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En esta publicación se recogen los trabajos presentados en el XXI Congreso Nacional de Historia del Arte (CEHA), celebrado en el Palacio de la Magdalena de Santander entre los días 20 al 23de septiembre de 2016. El eje vertebrador de dicho congreso giró en torno a una temática a la vez monográfica y transversal: LA FORMACIÓN ARTÍSTICA. Se aborda este objetivo desde la doble perspectiva que plantean los dos protagonistas principales del diálogo artístico (el creador y el espectador), pasando por el historiador del arte como mediador entre ambos. Empleando este hilo conductor, se traza el rico panorama investigador nacional, tratando de reflejar las principales orientaciones metodológicas de la disciplina, así como las líneas de trabajo más consolidadas y las emergentes. Las aportaciones en cada uno de los seis bloques (desde el gremio, la formación académica o la universitaria, la educación de la mirada, la crisis de la Historia del Arte, las fuentes, la historiografía y la literatura artística y, por último, el dedicado a proyectos, tesis y grupos de I+D+i) presentan una visión actualizada de algunas de las tendencias de la investigación en Historia del Arte.