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The agricultural activities are often based on individual producer's decisions and on their attitudes, knowledge and level of technology. It is however also based on political and economic considerations, attitudes and opinions from the society. Thus, continuously updated scientifically based knowledge, both from an environmental, social and economic view, need to be disseminated and applied with a much increased ambition. Technological facts may be well known, but still strong social and economic reasons and pressure from outside to make short term profits hinders the appropriate application of relevant measures. This is the reason why we have all parts of the sustainability concept covered in our texts: the ecological, the social, the economical, and the institutional/juridical. "Sustainable agriculture" has become a popular way of expressing that what society wants is an environmentally sound, productive, economically viable, and socially desirable agriculture.
This study explores Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in government. Based on an interdisciplinary literature review and multiple-case study design, a model of Citizen Relationship Management (CiRM) is developed and discussed. The case studies explore the perceptions of CRM/CiRM by administrators, elected officials and consultants as well as its implementation and impact on the municipal level and in a multijurisdictional environment in the United States. Although the explorative part of the study focuses broadly on a theoretical conceptualization of CiRM, the immediate empirical referent of research are the 311 initiatives in the City of Baltimore, the City of Chicago, the City of New York and Miami-Dade County. Thus, the results help administrators and researchers to convey the idea and challenges of 311 well. The study shows that CRM is to a certain extent only partly able to make novel contributions to currently active reform movements in government. In addition, the study's findings support the idea that CiRM provides the means to a different kind of public participation.
This is an edited book based on the selected submissions made to the conference titled "International Conference in Smart Cities". The project provides an innovative and new approach to holistic management of cities physical, socio-economic, environmental, transportation and political assets across all domains, typically supported by ICT and open data.