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A Theory of Practical Reason
In this book, German philosopher Julian Nida-Rümelin presents a theory of practical reason that is objectivist, or rather realist, as an alternative to the widespread subjectivism in the theory of rationality. This theory has pragmatic traits that can be read as a constructive counterpart to Nida-Rümelin's critique of consequentialism whilst embedding its conception of rationality in the conceptual framework of decision and game theory.
Structural Rationality and Other Essays on Practical Reason
In this book, the author shows that it is necessary to enrich the conceptual frame of the theory of rational choice beyond consequentialism. He argues that consequentialism as a general theory of rational action fails and that this does not force us into the dichotomy teleology vs deontology. The unity of practical reason can be saved without consequentialism. In the process, he presents insightful criticism of standard models of action and rational choice. This will help readers discover a new perspective on the theory of rationality. The approach is radical: It transcends the reductive narrowness of instrumental rationality without denying its practical impact. Actions do exist that are ou...
Rationality, Rules, and Structure
It is an obvious fact that human agency is constrained and structured by many kinds of rules: rules that are constitutive for communication, morality, persons, and society, and juridical rules. So the question is: what roles are played by social rules and the structural traits of human agency in rational decision making? What bearing does this have on the theory of practical rationality? These issues can only be discussed within an interdisciplinary setting, with researchers drawn from philosophy, decision theory and the economic and social sciences. The problem is of profound, fundamental concern to the social scientist and has attracted a great deal of intellectual effort. Contributors include distinguished researchers in their respective fields and the book thus presents state-of-the-art theory. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced philosophy, economics and social science classes.
Perspectives on Digital Humanism
This open access book aims to set an agenda for research and action in the field of Digital Humanism through short essays written by selected thinkers from a variety of disciplines, including computer science, philosophy, education, law, economics, history, anthropology, political science, and sociology. This initiative emerged from the Vienna Manifesto on Digital Humanism and the associated lecture series. Digital Humanism deals with the complex relationships between people and machines in digital times. It acknowledges the potential of information technology. At the same time, it points to societal threats such as privacy violations and ethical concerns around artificial intelligence, automation and loss of jobs, ongoing monopolization on the Web, and sovereignty. Digital Humanism aims to address these topics with a sense of urgency but with a constructive mindset. The book argues for a Digital Humanism that analyses and, most importantly, influences the complex interplay of technology and humankind toward a better society and life while fully respecting universal human rights. It is a call to shaping technologies in accordance with human values and needs.
Economic Rationality and Practical Reason
The theory of practical rationality does not belong to one academic discipline alone. There are quite divergent philosophical, economical, sociological, psychological and politological contributions. Sometimes the disciplinary boundaries impede theoretical progress. On the other hand it is an indication for the high complexity of the subject that so many divergent paradigms compete with one another, or - what is worse - live separately in a kind of splendid isolation. Decision theory in the broader sense, embracing the theory of games and collective choice theory, can help to understand practical reason in philosophical analysis. But there are interesting aspects which cannot be dealt with a...
Vernunft und Freiheit
Analysen zur kausalen Wirksamkeit von Gründen und ihrer Nicht-Überführbarkeit in deterministische Ursachen stehen im systematischen Zentrum der praktischen Philosophie Julian Nida-Rümelins. Menschliche Freiheit erschließt sich für ihn über die Bedeutung von Gründen für unsere soziale Praxis. Der Band enthält Texte Nida-Rümelins zum Verhältnis von Freiheit und Vernunft, kritische Beiträge renommierter Autoren sowie Erwiderungen auf die Einwände.
Introduction to Digital Humanism
This open access textbook introduces and defines digital humanism from a diverse range of disciplines. Following the 2019 Vienna Manifesto, the book calls for a digital humanism that describes, analyzes, and, most importantly, influences the complex interplay of technology and humankind, for a better society and life, fully respecting universal human rights. The book is organized in three parts: Part I “Background” provides the multidisciplinary background needed to understand digital humanism in its philosophical, cultural, technological, historical, social, and economic dimensions. The goal is to present the necessary knowledge upon which an effective interdisciplinary discourse on dig...
Digital Humanism
This open access book deals with cultural and philosophical aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and pleads for a “digital humanism”. This term is beginning to be en vogue everywhere. Due to a growing discontentment with the way digitalization is being used in the world, particularly formulated by former heroes of Internet, social media and search engine companies, philosophical as well as industrial thought leaders begin to plead for a humane use of digital tools. Yet the term “digital humanism” is a particular terminology that lacks a sound conceptual and philosophical basis and needs clarification still – and this gap is exactly filled by this book. It propagates a vision of ...
Philosophie einer humanen Bildung
Die deutsche Bildungskrise ist nicht nur eine der Institutionen, sie ist primär eine der Ideen. Überall herrscht Überforderung und Unzufriedenheit: bei den Lehrern, den Eltern, den Kindern sowieso, auch bei den Politikern. Unseren Bildungsreformen, so Julian Nida-Rümelin, fehlt die kulturelle Leitidee. "Employability" heißt stattdessen die Losung. Aber eine Bildung, die den Menschen nur "fit für" etwas machen will, die nicht nach seinen Interessen und Talenten fragt, wird nicht einmal den gewünschten Markterfolg bringen. Nida-Rümelins "Philosophie einer humanen Bildung" gibt den Anstoß zu einer neuen gesellschaftlichen Verständigung darüber, was Bildung bedeutet: für uns, für unsere Zukunft, unser Bild vom Menschen. Wenn wir den Mut zu einer konsequent humanen Bildungspraxis fänden, den Mut, uns vom Gedanken der unmittelbaren Verwertbarkeit zu trennen, wäre die Basis für gelingendes Leben gelegt - und damit auch für eine fundamentale Form von Erfolg: Lebensglück.
Political equality
Die Reihe "Philosophie und Politik" gibt der praktischen Politik Impulse aus der politischen Philosophie. Führende Politikerinnen und Politiker der deutschen Sozialdemokratie antworten auf die Anstöße aus philosophischer Sicht. Thomas M. Scanlon diskutiert in dem Band die Bedingungen, unter denen Gleichheit politisch relevant und ethisch begründet ist. Scanlon ist einer der profiliertesten zeitgenössischen Philosophen im Bereich der Ethik und der politischen Theorie. Er zählt zu den so genannten New Contractarians, also den Theoretikern, die mit und gegen John Rawls Gerechtigkeitstheorie zur Renaissance des Vertragsargumentes in der politischen Philosophie beigetragen haben. Damit wurde eine Denkfigur wiederbelebt, die am Beginn der modernen europäischen Demokratie steht, die die Begründung politischer Ordnungen an individuelle Rationalität bindet und alle Bürger als gleiche und freie einbezieht.
