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Since 1995 the Atlantic Meridional Transect program (AMT - www.amt-uk.org) has undertaken extensive measurements of oceanographic and atmospheric variables on a passage between the UK and destinations in the South Atlantic (Falkland Islands, Chile, Uruguay and South Africa). This program, which spans up to 100° of latitude, crosses a range of ecosystems from sub-polar to tropical, from eutrophic shelf seas and upwelling systems, to oligotrophic mid-ocean gyres. The AMT was originally conceived to utilise the bi-annual passage of the RRS James Clark Ross (JCR) between its home-base in the UK and its field-base in the Falklands. In 2008, cruises switched from bi-annual to annual, taking place during the boreal autumn (austral spring). Throughout the lifetime of the AMT program, the objectives have evolved to address topical research questions whilst enabling the maintenance of a continuous set of observations relevant to global environmental issues.
Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSMs) are typical environmental microbes, which can transform insoluble phosphate into plant absorbable forms in soil. The metabolites of organic acid by PSM usually dominate the insoluble phosphate dissolution and phosphorus transformation in soil. The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is the main metabolic pathway of organic acids secretion by PSM. Genetic, enzyme, and fermentation engineering technology can significantly affect the TCA pathway, changing the type and quantity of organic acid secretion, hence greatly affecting the application of PSM. In the case of fungi, the enhanced oxalic acid secretion is conducive to lead remediation, while food fermentation engineering needs more citric acid. In addition, the above biotechnology also greatly impacts other metabolites of PSMs, such as phosphatases, degrading enzymes and volatile organic compounds, etc. Therefore, promoting the capacity of metabolism via biotechnology is a current challenge for PSM in the pathway of application in food fermentation, environmental remediation, agricultural production, and biocontrol of plant pathogens.
Nanomedicine is an emerging and rapidly evolving field, which could significantly help in early disease diagnosis, therapeutic improvement, novel therapeutic modality development, and medical expenditure reduction. The challenge remains, however, that the specially designed and carefully synthesized nanomedicines function poorly in animal verification despite great performance in vitro. A deeper understanding of the physicochemical properties of nanomedicine is the key. This book applies physical theories and models to determine the parameters for controlling the physicochemical properties of nanomedicines, including micelles, liposomes, and inorganic nanoparticles. Qualitative and quantitat...
The WHO constitution states: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." There are multiple factors that contribute towards good mental health including civil liberties, politics, economics, social rights, and cultural diversity, and quality of life of the individual and the society as a whole. The promotion of mental health spans many disciplines in order to cover all these factors such as education, work, justice, housing, and welfare. Therefore, it is important to collaborate to create an environment that promotes and supports mental health to improve psychological well-being and allow individuals to realize th...
Metal-Air Batteries: Principles, Progress, and Perspectives covers the entire spectrum of metal-air batteries, their working principles, recent advancement, and future perspectives. Leading international researchers address materials design, electrochemistry, and architectural aspects. The fundamentals of metal-air materials for cathode and anode, their synthetic approaches, chemistries to modify their properties to provide high energy and power densities, along with long life and stable electrochemical characteristics are detailed. Key Features: Covers materials, chemistry, and technologies for metal-air batteries Reviews state-of-the-art progress and challenges in metal-air batteries Provides fundamentals of the electrochemical behavior of various metal-air batteries Offers insight into tuning the properties of materials to make them suitable for metal-air batteries Provides new direction and a better understanding to scientists, researchers, and students working in diverse fields This is a unique offering and a valuable resource for a wide range of readers including those in academia and industries worldwide.
Why would an inkstone have a poem inscribed on it? Early modern Chinese writers did not limit themselves to working with brushes and ink, and their texts were not confined to woodblock-printed books or the boundaries of the paper page. Poets carved lines of verse onto cups, ladles, animal horns, seashells, walking sticks, boxes, fans, daggers, teapots, and musical instruments. Calligraphers left messages on the implements ordinarily used for writing on paper. These inscriptions—terse compositions in verse or epigrammatic prose—relate in complex ways to the objects on which they are written. Thomas Kelly develops a new account of the relationship between Chinese literature and material cu...