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That humans originated from Africa is well-known. However, this is widely regarded as a chance outcome, dependant simply on where our common ancestor shared the land with where the great apes lived. This volume builds on from the 'Out of Africa' theory, and takes the view that it is only in Africa that the evolutionary transitions from a forest-inhabiting frugivore to savanna-dwelling meat-eater could have occurred. This book argues that the ecological circumstances that shaped these transitions are exclusive to Africa. It describes distinctive features of the ecology of Africa, with emphasis on savanna grasslands, and relates them to the evolutionary transitions linking early ape-men to modern humans. It shows how physical features of the continent, especially those derived from plate tectonics, set the foundations. This volume adequately conveys that we are here because of the distinctive features of the ecology of Africa.
This book contains six chapters on central topics in materials science. Each is written by specialists and gives a state-of-art presentation of the subject for graduate students and scientists not necessarily working in that field. Computer simulations of new materials, theory and experimental work are all extensively discussed. Most of the topics discussed have a bearing on nanomaterials and nanodevices.
Mathematics Institute, these essays collectively provide mathematicians and physicists with a comprehensive resource on the topic.
It is widely known that complex systems and complex materials comprise a major interdisciplinary scientific field that draws on mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine as well as such social sciences as economics. The role of statistical physics in this new field has been expanding. Statistical physics has shown how phenomena and processes in different research areas that have long been assumed to be unrelated can have a common description. Through the application of statistical physics, methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems and processes have been generalized to more complex systems. The two conceptual pillars in this approach are scaling and univer...
This book explores the latest advances in algebraic structures and applications, and focuses on mathematical concepts, methods, structures, problems, algorithms and computational methods important in the natural sciences, engineering and modern technologies. In particular, it features mathematical methods and models of non-commutative and non-associative algebras, hom-algebra structures, generalizations of differential calculus, quantum deformations of algebras, Lie algebras and their generalizations, semi-groups and groups, constructive algebra, matrix analysis and its interplay with topology, knot theory, dynamical systems, functional analysis, stochastic processes, perturbation analysis o...
The behaviour of many complex materials extends over time- and lengthscales well beyond those that can normally be described using standard molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo simulation techniques. As progress is coming more through refined simulation methods than from increased computer power, this volume is intended as both an introduction and a review of all relevant modern methods that will shape molecular simulation in the forthcoming decade. Written as a set of tutorial reviews, the book will be of use to specialists and nonspecialists alike.
This book collects papers from the 8th Conference on Non-Integer Order Calculus and Its Applications that have been held on September 20-21, 2016 in Zakopane, Poland. The preceding two conferences were held in Szczecin, Poland in 2015, and in Opole, Poland, in 2014. This conference provides a platform for academic exchange on the theory and application of fractional calculus between domestic and international universities, research institutes, corporate experts and scholars. The Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Non-Integer Order Calculus and Its Applications 2016 brings together rigorously reviewed contributions from leading international experts. The included papers cover novel various important aspects of mathematical foundations of fractional calculus, modeling and control of fractional systems as well as controllability, detectability, observability and stability problems for this systems.
"Reports on one of the most exciting finds in recent years and fills a major gap in the fossil record of human evolution. It is a major achievement which will be of interest to paleontologists, geologists, stratigraphers, as well as a broader readership of students, scholars, and lay persons interested in human evolution."--Eric Delson, Professor and Chair of Anthropology, Lehman College, City University of New York; and Research Associate, Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History "Certain to be an important, even a standard, resource for the investigation and interpretation of the evolution of humans."--John M. Harris, Chief Curator, George C. Page Museum
Leading-edge research groups in the field of scientific computing present their outstanding projects using the High Performance Computer in Bavaria (HLRB), Hitachi SR8000-F1, one of the top-level supercomputers for academic research in Germany. The projects address modelling and simulation in the disciplines Biosciences, Chemistry, Chemical Physics, Solid-State Physics, High-Energy Physics, Astrophysics, Geophysics, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and Computer Science. The authors describe their scientific background, their resource requirements with respect to top-level supercomputers, and their methods for efficient utilization of the costly high-performance computing power. Contributions of interdisciplinary research projects that have been supported by the Competence Network for Scientific High Performance Computing in Bavaria (KONWIHR) complete the broad range of supercomputer research and applications covered by this volume.