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For over a thousand years, monks, nuns, canons, friars, and others under religious vows stood at the pinnacle of Western European society. For their ascetic sacrifices, their learning, piety, and expertise, they were accorded positions of power and influence, and a wide range of legal, financial and social privileges. As such they present an important opportunity to consider the nature and dynamics of an "elite" in medieval culture. Using medieval religious life as their interpretive lens, the essays of this volume seek to uncover the essential markers of elite status. They explore how those under vows claimed and manifested elite status in complex spiritual, temporal, and social combination...
In the Middle Ages, rolls were ubiquitous as a writing support. While scholars have long examined the texts and images on rolls, they have rarely taken the manuscripts themselves into account. This volume readdresses this imbalance by focusing on the materiality and various usages of rolls in late medieval England and France. Researchers from England, France, Germany and Singapore demonstrate in 11 contributions how this approach can increase our understanding of the rolls and their contents, as well as the contexts in which they were produced and used.
A Companion to Medieval Rules and Customaries offers an introduction to the rules and customaries of the main religious orders in medieval Europe: Benedictine, Cistercian, Carthusian, Augustinian, Premonstratensian, Templar, Hospitaller, Teutonic, Dominican, Franciscan, and Carmelite. As well as introducing the early history and spirituality of the orders, scholars survey the central topics – organization, doctrine, morality, liturgy, and culture, as documented by these primary sources. Contributors are: James Clark, Tom Gaens, Jean-François Godet-Calogeras, Holly Grieco, Emilia Jamroziak, Gert Melville, Stephen Molvarec, Carol Neel, Krijn Pansters, Matthew Ponesse, Bert Roest, Kristjan Toomaspoeg, Paul van Geest, Ursula Vones-Liebenstein, and Coralie Zermatten.
This collection provides a systematic survey of the wide readership the works of Godfrey of Viterbo enjoyed in the late Middle Ages. In the last years of the twelfth century this chronicler and imperial notary wrote a series of historical collections that gained considerable and lasting popularity: between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, his works were copied in elaborate manuscripts in almost all of Latin Europe. This wide distribution is particularly surprising for an author like Godfrey whom modern historians have never credited with any importance at all, as they considered his works chaotic and historically unreliable. Yet Godfrey was certainly one of the most daring historiogra...
Monasticism has a special position in the history of pastoral care. It produced innovations in various aspects of pastoral care despite, or more precisely, because of its isolation in legal or social terms from the secular world. The thirteen papers contained in this volume will reveal that there was a great variety in the ways pastoral care continued to be practised by monasticism, depending on time, space, and the nature of each religious order. Adopting a comparative approach, their historical and geographical range of investigation is not limited to medieval Europe but expands to the Americas and even to Japan in the early Modern Age. This volume bases on a conference held on 1 and 2 March 2019 at Okayama University, Japan, as part of the close collaboration between a Japanese research group on Christian/Buddhist religious movements and the Research Project "Monasteries in the High Middle Ages: Innovation Laboratories for European Life Designs and Regulatory Models" of the Saxon and the Heidelberg Academies of Sciences and Humanities, as well as the Research Center for Comparative History of Religious Orders (FOVOG, Dresden).
Between Orders and Heresy foregrounds the dynamic, creative, and diverse late medieval religious landscapes that flourished within the spaces of social and ecclesiastical structures. This collection reconsiders the arguments put forward in Herbert Grundmann’s monumental book, Religious Movements in the Middle Ages, and challenges his traditional interpretive binary, recognized as the shared origins of many medieval religious movements. The contributors explore the social relationships fostered between secular clergy members, including parish priests, local canons, and aristocratic confessors, and examine the ways in which laypeople inspired and engaged in devotion beyond religious orders. ...
Genealogisches Wissen war in der Vormoderne eine wichtige Ressource. Adlige und bürgerliche Akteur: innen benötigten es im Ringen um Rang und Ämter, Gelehrte nutzten es für die Geschichtsschreibung. Zahlreiche Zeitgenossen bemühten sich, dieses Wissen zu gewinnen, zu präsentieren oder zurückzuweisen. Der Band untersucht den Umgang diverser Akteursgruppen mit genealogischem Wissen und fragt nach dessen Konstruktion, Darstellung und Rezeption. Mit Blick auf die genealogischen Wissenskonstruktionen rücken die Kenntnisse und Absichten der Akteure in den Blick: Woher bezogen und wozu benötigten Adlige und Gelehrte, aber auch Handwerker und Rechtspraktiker genealogische Informationen? Damit verknüpft sind die medialen Darstellungsformen genealogischer Wissensbestände. Die Beiträge fragen daher, welche sprachlichen Fähigkeiten und handwerklichen Fertigkeiten die Akteure mitbrachten, welche Materialien und Konventionen sie nutzten. Fokussiert werden zudem Rezeptionsprozesse, denn genealogisches Wissen wurde oftmals übertragen, modifiziert oder angefochten. Der Band leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis vormoderner Wissenskulturen.
Als grundlegendes Motiv christlicher Theologie und Frömmigkeitspraxis besitzt ‚Einsamkeit‘ eine bis in die Spätantike reichende Tradition. Doch erst ab dem 11. Jahrhundert ergriff die Suche nach religiöser Abgeschiedenheit nicht mehr nur einzelne Spitzenasketen, sondern aus ihr erwuchsen neue soziale Formationen, von denen sich einige als eremitische Orden etablieren konnten. Die religiösen Reformbewegungen enthielten die Idee der Weltflucht und mit ihr jene der geistlichen solitudo als monastisch-programmatisches Leitmotiv, welches in Kombination mit der gemeinschaftlichen Lebensform ein scheinbares Paradoxon erzeugte. Hier setzt die ideengeschichtlich orientierte Studie an und zeichnet am Beispiel der frühen Kamaldulenser, Kartäuser und Zisterzienser nach, wie hochmittelalterliche Reformtheologen diese Ambivalenz lösten. Dabei werden sowohl vielfältige Gedankenhorizonte als auch die Veränderungen der Semantik von ‚Einsamkeit‘ innerhalb monastischer Diskurse und Rezeptionsstränge thematisiert.
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