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Environmental Taxes
Environmental taxes differ from each other according to the functions they serve and the manner in which they are implemented. This study highlights the appropriateness of different kinds of environmental taxes against a rigorous framework of theory and case study evidence. The purpose of this book is to analyse the way in which environmental taxes are categorized and which factors affect the effectiveness and efficiency of the different kinds of environmental taxes in practice. This pragmatic approach is emphasized along with the multiplicity of regulatory problems such as: At what level should the environmental tax rate be set? What is the proper time schedule for introducing an environmen...
Embracing the Knowledge Economy
In an astonishingly short period of time, Finland has developed into one of the world's leading knowledge societies whilst retaining a comprehensive welfare state. The book traces this rapid transformation from a resource-based to a knowledge-based society. The authors describe the country's strengths and weaknesses in the new economy and demonstrate how Finland has been able to catch-up with the leading industrial countries by exploiting new techno-organizational opportunities. Experts from different fields provide rich empirical material on Finnish industries, firms, regions and institutions, and the role they have played in the transformation process. The book also details the business and economic restructuring which was required, and explores new trends in the country's science, technology and innovation policy.
Newtonian Microeconomics
Presenting the dynamic laws of economic quantities, this book tackles one of the core difficulties of current economic theory: that of transforming abstract equations of equilibrium into precise dynamic rules. The theoretical framework of neoclassical micro theory has historically prohibited its development into a quantitative science. Estola identifies the main weaknesses of this framework as follows: 1) Static optimization does not allow for the modelling of time-dependent production and consumption flows; 2) The assumption of optimal behaviours forecloses any understanding of changes in economic quantities, as none will change its optimal behaviour. The author of this title assumes that e...
The Paradigm Shift Towards Energy Sustainability
Since 2004, the Summer Academy 'Energy and the Environment' has brought together practitioners and policy makers from countries worldwide to engage in an interdisci-plinary discussion on practical solutions to problems of energy law. The fifth annual Summer Academy focuses on 'The Paradigm Shift towards Energy Sustainability'. As is evi-dent through the sheer scope of the articles presented and reprinted in this volume, discussion at the 2008 Summer Academy was rich and varied in ideas and interpretations. One thing emerged especially clearly: policy priorities must be designed to encompass a multidisciplinary approach to energy sustainability. Not only must renewable energy solutions be promoted but incentives must also be increased for greater fossil fuel energy efficiency and energy conservation. Experiences from both developed and developing countries are provided to illustrate needed sustainable energy solutions at the local level to address the global climate crisis.
The Essence of the Music Business
The fully revised Second Edition is here. New examples have been added to better reflect the present time. Also, as a main focus, strategic thinking, the ability to create long-term plans and how to prepare for this in everyday activities are also present in this book. Understanding the importance of strategy is the basis for rational advancement. In the music business - strategies are not always perceptible. They are multi-layered, long-lasting, but also instantaneously effective. The ultimate goal often transpires along the way. In order to understand tactics, one has to read between the lines. The reason why different pre-conditions and industrial expectations must always be taken into ac...
The World Factbook
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Environmental Taxation Law
The theoretical arguments for environmental taxes and other types of economic instruments for environmental protection have been discussed extensively in the literature. Rather less well discussed has been the extremely complex form that such instruments have in fact taken in practice. Environmental Taxation Law: Policy, Contexts and Practice examines the legal implications of introducing environmental taxes and other economic instruments into the regulatory framework of UK law. In doing so, it analyzes and explains the difficulties of grafting environmental taxes onto the complexities of existing regulatory structures, not all of which, of course, were originally devised with environmental considerations in mind. Although the focus of the book is the UK's pioneering implementation of a web of distinct yet interrelated policy measures, it locates the UK's taxes and instruments not simply in their broader context of market and environmental regulation, but also in the contexts of European and international law.
Environmental Sustainability in Transatlantic Perspective
Experts from business, academia, governmental agencies and non-profit think tanks to form a transnational and multi-disciplinary perspectives on the combined challenges of environmental sustainability and energy security in the United States and Germany.
Manual on Compliance with and Enforcement of Multilateral Environmental Agreements
This Manual expands upon Guidelines on Compliance with and Enforcement of MultilateralEnvironmental Agreements (MEAs). Many States participated in the developmentand negotiation of the Guidelines, which were adopted by the UNEP GoverningCouncil in 2002. While this Manual is not a negotiated document, it also is the result ofa collaborative process involving a wide range of numerous individuals around the world.These people assisted in drafting case studies and other contributions, reviewing the text,and suggesting substantive and formatting changes.
