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An agricultural transition when demand is constrained is more difficult to manage than when the fruits of institutional change and productivity growth find ready outlets. Any progress on the demand side -- by increasing domestic demand or improving performance in export markets -- will give a major impetus to the institutional changes needed on the supply side.
This study on Turkmenistan is the latest addition to a long and growing series of World Bank publications on land reform and farm restructuring in the former socialist countries of Europe and Central Asia. The present report combines an analysis of the 1998 farm survey overview of general agricultural policies and sectoral performance. Survey results are preceded by a sectoral review and a description of emerging legal framework for land reform and farm restructuring.
Rationale for the study and summary of findings; Ukraine: the country and its agriculture; Land reform legislation; The new private sector; Reorganization of farm enterprises; The effect of reorganization on farm employees; Market services and infrastructure; Rural social services and restructuring of the collective sector.
Food has been crucial to the functioning and survival of governments and regimes since the emergence of early states. Yet, only in a few countries is the connection between food and politics as pronounced as in Russia. Since the 1917 Revolution, virtually every significant development in Russian and Soviet history has been either directly driven by or closely associated with the question of food and access to it. In fact, food shortages played a critical role in the collapse of both the Russian Empire and the USSR. Under Putin's watch, Russia moved from heavily relying on grain imports to feed the population to being one of the world's leading food exporters. In Bread and Autocracy, Janetta ...
Burundi, situated in the heart of the Great Lakes Region, is one of the poorest nations in the world. Beset by coups d'tats, presidential assassinations and genocide, the country has been caught in a cycle of violence and under-development whereby brief periods of peace have been followed by further state repression and armed conflict. The 2000 Arusha peace accords, the Pretoria agreement of late 2003, the peaceful elections of 2005, and the recent Dar es Salaam peace agreement with the Forces Nationales de Libration have ushered in a period of relative stability. This fragile political process, however, has not been matched by a parallel rebound in economic growth that has been observed in ...
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