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Innate immunity is the first arm of the immune system to be triggered in host defense against intracellular pathogens. Some pathogens during evolution have developed stealthy strategies to bypass innate surface receptors but when they reach host cell cytosol they are recognized by cytosolic receptors. Professional phagocytes, such as macrophages, neutrophils, or dendritic cells, have the specialized ability to internalize pathogens into membrane-bound compartments, termed phagosomes. Additionally, pathogen phagocytosis effectively guarantees the concentrated delivery of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) inside cells. Some pathogens can exit phagosomes and survive and replicate i...
The group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) includes families of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and AIM-2-like receptors (ALRs). Conceptually, receptors constituting these families are united by two general features. Firstly, they directly recognize common antigen determinants of virtually all classes of pathogens (so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or simply PAMPs) and initiate immune response against them via specific intracellular signaling pathways. Secondly, they recognize endogenous ligands (since they are usually released during cell stress, they are called damage-associated molec...
Discovered over 40 years ago, the annexin proteins were found to be a structurally conserved subgroup of Ca2+-binding proteins. While the initial research on annexins focused on their signature feature of Ca2+-dependent binding to membranes, over the years, the biennial “Annexin” conference series has highlighted additional diversity in the functions attributed to the annexin family of proteins. The roles of these proteins now extend from basic science to biomedical research, and are being translated into clinical settings. Research on annexins involves a global network of researchers and the 10th biennial Annexin conference brought together over 80 researchers from ten European countries, USA, Brazil, Singapore, Japan, and Australia for 3 days in September 2019. In this conference, the discussions focused on two distinct themes — the role of annexins in cellular organization and health and disease. The articles published in this Special Issue cover these two main themes discussed at the conference, offering a glimpse into some of the notable findings in the field of annexin biology
The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) comprises dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and macrophages (MØs) that together play crucial roles in tissue immunity and homeostasis, but also contribute to a broad spectrum of pathologies. They are thus attractive therapeutic targets for immune therapy. However, the distinction between DCs, monocytes and MØ subpopulations has been a matter of controversy and the current nomenclature has been a confounding factor. DCs are remarkably heterogeneous and consist of multiple subsets traditionally defined by their expression of various surface markers. While markers are important to define various populations of the MPS, they do not specifically define the ...
Esta obra procura resgatar um pouco da história da família, desde os tempos dos avós que imigraram da Itália com sonhos de uma vida melhor, vivenciando as dificuldades em um período de guerra, seus sonhos embalados em negras noites e mil anseios a bordo de um navio. Muitos pereceram e viraram mártires embalados nas promessas de um mundo melhor e longe dos horrores da guerra. Estes sonhos infelizmente não corresponderam de imediato aos seus anseios. Eles enfrentaram muitas dificuldades para manter a sua sobrevivência em locais com trabalho duro análogo à escravidão. Muitos venceram deixando seus legados até hoje, posso dizer que essa família numerosa, assim como outras em situação semelhante, venceu os obstáculos, criando seus filhos com virtudes morais, intelectuais, financeiras e, sobretudo, com retidão de caráter, que acredito ser sua marca maior
Frontiers in Parasitology is an Ebook series devoted to publishing the latest and the most important advances in parasitology. Eminent scientists present reviews on the microbiology, cytology, epidemiology, genomics, and molecular biology of microbial parasites and their associated infections. Additionally, the series also gives information about new diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. The Ebook series is essential reading to all scientists involved in studying harmful microbes and their impact on human health.
The African Church and COVID-19: Human Security, the Church, and Society in Kenya is a bold and incisive look at the African Church in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout the book, contributors explore how the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the fragilities of African society as well as the weaknesses in the Church’s role in helping and serving African communities. The African Church and COVID-19 analyzes the question of how the Church in Kenya should move forward in a post-COVID-19 era to address the vulnerabilities of socio-economic and political structures in Africa.
Cellular stress, being considered as any disturbance in cellular physiology, is a fundamental aspect of tissue and body capacity to adapt to the ever changing environment. It also surges as a consequence of tissue injury or invasion of the body by pathogens. Since the immune system was developed to sense and respond to these deleterious processes, it is reasonable to consider that immune cells are capable of sensing and responding to signs of cellular stress. Moreover, cells of the immune system undergo cellular stress during an immune response. This Research Topic presents a series of articles focusing on how cellular stress influences the outcome of immune responses, covering not only how cellular stress can be a fundamental process during immune cell activation and function, but also how cells of the immune system are capable of sensing and being influenced by factors produced by stressed cells.
We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS).