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The book explores the two opposite natural trends of composite systems: (i) order and structure emerging from heterogeneity and randomness, and (ii) instability and chaos arising from simple nonlinear rules. Providing insights into the rapidly growing field of complexity sciences, the book focuses on the role of complexity in fracture mechanics. It firstly discusses the occurrence of self-similarity and fractal patterns in deformation, damage, fracture, and fragmentation of heterogeneous materials and the apparent scaling of the nominal mechanical properties of disordered materials, as well as of the time-to-failure after fatigue and creep loading. Then the book addresses criticality in the acoustic emissions from damaged structures and tectonic faults. Further, it examines the snap-back instability in the structural behavior of relatively large composite structures in the framework of catastrophe theory, and lastly describes the transition toward chaos in the dynamics of cracked elements.
In this book a systematic discussion of crack problems in elastic-plastic materials is presented. The state of the art in fracture mechanics research and assessment of cracks is documented, with the help of analytic, asymptotic methods as well as finite element computations. After a brief introduction to fracture mechanics, the two-parameter concept for stationary cracks is studied in addition to the issues in three-dimensional crack fields under coupling with strong out-of-plane effects. Cracks along interfaces and crack growth problems under mixed mode conditions are also treated. A systematic study of stress singularities for different notches is accompanied by detailed finite element computations.
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Die Autoren berichten über die Ergebnisse ihrer langfristig ausgerichteten Grundlagenforschung auf dem Gebiet der Unterwassertechnik. Sie haben neue Konzepte und Verfahren für die Unterwasserfertigungstechnik erforscht und entwickelt, die die Verfahren Bereiche der Konstruktion, Instandhaltung, Wartung, Überwachung und Zerlegung von Anlagen unter Wasser umfassen. Zu den behandelten Themen gehören Arbeitssysteme, die die Aufgaben Überwachen, Steuern, Handhaben und Koppeln unter Wasser automatisch bewältigen sollen. Außerdem werden Unterwasser-Fertigungsprozesse für die Arbeiten zum Reinigen, Schneiden, Schweißen und Prüfen vorgestellt.