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Immigrants' Contribution to Innovativeness: Evidence from a Non-Selective Immigration Country
The economic consequences of migration are hotly debated and a main topic of recent political movements across Europe. We analyze Polish immigration in the context of the 2004 enlargement of the European Union and find a positive and significant spillover effect of the immigrants on the number of local inventors in German counties in 2001-2010. For causal identification, we exploit a historical episode in the Polish migration history to Germany before the fall of the Iron Curtain and construct a shift-share instrument. Our results differ from findings for high-skilled migration to the United States, which is particularly interesting as Polish immigration to Germany was not based on selection by qualification in our period of analysis.
Immigrants' Contribution to Innovativeness
The economic consequences of migration are hotly debated and a main topic of recent political movements across Europe. We analyze Polish immigration in the context of the 2004 enlargement of the European Union and find a positive and significant spillover effect of the immigrants on the number of local inventors in German counties in 2001-2010. For causal identification, we exploit a historical episode in the Polish migration history to Germany before the fall of the Iron Curtain and construct a shift-share instrument. Our results differ from findings for high-skilled migration to the United States, which is particularly interesting as Polish immigration to Germany was not based on selection by qualification in our period of analysis.
Sustainable Manufacturing for Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 promises tremendous opportunities for industries to go green by leveraging virtual physical systems and internet driven technologies for a competitive advantage and set the platform for the factory of the future and smart manufacturing. The book provides measures that can be adopted by practicing design engineers, to develop products that will be sustainable in all stages of its life cycle. It helps organizations in implementation of sustainable manufacturing practices and formulation of critical strategies in their transition towards Industry 4.0., and the book will provide insights on ways of deploying these practices in correlation with the environmental benefits mapped to support the practicing managers and stakeholders. Features Assists in the understanding of the shifting paradigm in manufacturing sector towards smart and sustainable practices Showcases contemporary technologies and their insurgence in existing industries Focuses on need, applications, and implementation framework for Industry 4.0 Encapsulates all that one has to learn about sustainability and its transformation in Industry 4.0 Real time case studies are presented
Them and Us
Winner of the Diversity, Inclusion and Equality Award at the Business Book Awards 2021 ‘Underpinned by scholarship...entertaining…Legrain’s book fizzes with practical ideas.’ The Economist ‘The beauty of diversity is that innovation often comes about by serendipity. As Scott Page observed, one day in 1904, at the World Fair in St Louis, the ice cream vendor ran out of cups. Ernest Hami, a Syrian waffle vendor in the booth next door, rolled up some waffles to make cones – and the rest is history.’ Filled with data, anecdotes and optimism, Them and Us is an endorsement of cultural differences at a time of acute national introspection. By every measure, from productivity to new perspectives, immigrants bring something beneficial to society. If patriotism means wanting the best for your country, we should be welcoming immigrants with open arms.
A Singular Remedy
Innovative exploration of how medical knowledge was shared between and across diverse societies tied to the Atlantic World around 1800.
COVID-19 impact on artistic income
This paper assesses the impact of the pandemic crisis on self-employed income among artists resident in Germany. Using unique data from the latest available public insurance records, we show that musicians and performing artists are among the most vulnerable groups, and that writers, on average, are relatively less impacted. Moreover, the paper looks at the impact of the 2020 crisis on income differences by gender, career stages and regions, and it investigates the effect of specific non-pharmaceutical, public intervention implemented in German states.
Batman forever? The economics of overlapping rights
When copyrighted comic characters are also protected under trademark laws, intellectual property (IP) rights can be overlapping. Arguably, registering a trademark can increase transaction costs for cross-media uses of characters, or it can help advertise across multiple sales channels. In an application to book, movie and video game publishing industries, we thus ask how creative reuse (innovation in uses) is affected in situations of overlapping rights, and whether ‘fuzzy boundaries’ of right frameworks are in fact enhancing or decreasing content sales.
Grand rights and opera reuse today
This article studies the economic role of grand rights in the incentives to stage and reuse works from the opera canon. It complements previous research on the incentives to create new opera (Giorcelli and Moser, 2020) in the way it looks at copyright taxing availability and follow-on creativity around works. Based on a unique dataset of global opera performances, we find that changes in copyright status increase the number of total performances individual works receive on stage once copyright expires. Moreover, we provide preliminary evidence on chilling, long-term effects of status around premiering operas and revivals at the beginning of the copyright term. Based on these findings, we discuss limitations of the study and novel options for copyright policy frameworks.
9 x 9 – A Method of Design
An ideal design is site-specific, which is the only way architecture can create or connect with a specific sense of identity. This requires addressing the structural and local circumstances. This method handbook offers a playful way in which to systematically ascertain a complex framework and use it for your own design. The "9 x 9 method" takes all relevant factors and their alternate interaction into consideration: location, structure, shell, program, and materiality, all which, in a matrix with various intersections, produce exactly 9 "fields of action" for the design. The individual "fields" are not only illustrated visually with meaningful and eidetic pictures, but are also discussed in texts by leading specialists. For this book, the "9 x 9 method" was completely re-worked and redesigned. Authors: Florian Aicher, Jia Beisi, Adam Caruso, Dietmar Eberle, Franziska Hauser, Vittorio Magnago Lampugnani, Michele Lanza, Arno Lederer, Silvain Malfroy, Adrian Meyer, Marcello Nasso, Fritz Neumeyer, András Pálffy, Miroslav Šik, Laurent Stalder, Eberhard Tröger.
Productivity: International comparisons of economic growth
These two volumes present empirical studies that have permanently altered professional debates over investment and productivity as sources of postwar economic growth in industrialized countries. The distinctive feature of investment is that returns can be internalized by the investor. The most straightforward application of this idea is to investments that create property rights, but these volumes broaden the meaning of capital formation to include investments in education and training. International Comparisons of Economic Growth focuses on comparisons among industrialized countries. Although Germany and Japan are often portrayed as economic adversaries of the U.S., postwar experiences in all three countries support policies that give high priority to stimulating and rewarding capital formation. In the Asian model of growth exemplified by Japan investments in tangible assets and human capital are especially critical during periods of rapid growth.
