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Die Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, im Jahre 1773 als Aufklarungsgesellschaft gegruendet, forderte durch das Sammeln von Naturobjekten und das Wissen darueber die Naturgeschichte als Wissenschaft. Ihr ungewohnlicher Name wurde dabei zum Programm, dem ein moderner, interessegeleiteter Freundschaftsbegriff zu Grunde lag. Zudem zeigt die Gesellschaft viele strukturelle und ideelle Parallelen zur Freimaurerei. Kennzeichen ihrer langjahrigen Geschichte ist die Entwicklung eines Traditionsbewusstseins, das seinen Ursprung im Forschungsziel der Naturgeschichte hat und in der kulturellen Praxis der Gesellschaft nachgewiesen werden kann. Im Unterschied zu anderen naturforschenden Ges...
This volume explores problems in the history of science at the intersection of life sciences and agriculture, from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century. Taking a comparative national perspective, the book examines agricultural practices in a broad sense, including the practices and disciplines devoted to land management, forestry, soil science, and the improvement and management of crops and livestock. The life sciences considered include genetics, microbiology, ecology, entomology, forestry, and deal with US, European, Russian, Japanese, Indonesian, Chinese contexts. The book shows that the investigation of the border zone of life sciences and agriculture raises many interesting ...
The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the History of Science is a single volume companion that discusses the history of science as it is done today, providing a survey of the debates and issues that dominate current scholarly discussion, with contributions from leading international scholars. Provides a single-volume overview of current scholarship in the history of science edited by one of the leading figures in the field Features forty essays by leading international scholars providing an overview of the key debates and developments in the history of science Reflects the shift towards deeper historical contextualization within the field Helps communicate and integrate perspectives from the history of science with other areas of historical inquiry Includes discussion of non-Western themes which are integrated throughout the chapters Divided into four sections based on key analytic categories that reflect new approaches in the field
Volume XXI/2 of History of Universities contains the customary mix of learned articles, book reviews, conference reports, and bibliographical information, which makes this publication such an indispensable tool for the historian of higher education. Its contributions range widely geographically, chronologically, and in subject-matter. The volume is, as always, a lively combination of original research and invaluable reference material.
Almost 700 kilograms of the finest iron, mixed with transparent, beautiful crystals! This was the rare and unexpected discovery made in 1771 near the river Jenisei, central Siberia. The German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas - then wintering in the town Krasnoyarsk - was convinced that the mass was a 'product of Nature', and not a leftover from ancient miner's simple kilns. He quickly reported his find to the scientific world, and sent pieces around, which he had chopped off. While the mass is now officially named 'Krasnojarsk', it is often referred to as 'Pallas Iron', or, in Russian 'Pallasovo Zheleso'. It took years of intense debate, however, before its origin in interplanetary space was f...
Wie gestaltete sich in der Residenzstadt Berlin im 18. Jahrhundert – der Epoche der Säkularisierung und der Entstehung einer bürgerlichen Kultur – das Handeln lutherischer Geistlicher zwischen Gemeinde und Obrigkeit? Auf breitem Quellenfundament veranschaulicht Florian Grumbach die pastorale Praxis und die Routinen der Amtsarbeit der Geistlichen, etwa ihre Predigten und ihr Publikationsverhalten. Als Akteure im frühneuzeitlichen öffentlichen Leben speisten Pfarrer ihr Standesbewusstsein aus der Rolle als religiöse Experten, Lehrer und dem geistlichen Amt. Die pastorale Praxis dagegen unterlag nicht allein ihrem Zugriff, sondern ebenso den Einflüssen der Gemeindemitglieder und des landesherrlichen Kirchenregiments, die oftmals von der lutherischen Theologie abgekoppelte Erwartungen hegten.
This book examines planning education provision and approaches globally, through a comparative and longitudinal perspective. It explores the emergence of planning education in the 20th century, with its rich variation and yet a remarkable degree of cross-fertilization. Each of the sections of the book is framed by an overview essay which has been prepared by the editors to provide the reader with a critical exposure to relevant scholarship drawing on the detailed case studies and exploratory essays on key issues in planning education. The first part of this volume focuses on the emergence of planning education programs in the twentieth century as a way to understand the current planning educ...