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During the last two decades, our view of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in inflammatory processes has changed dramatically. ROS that are constantly produced at lower levels by living cells metabolizing oxygen contribute to normal cellular function and tissue homeostasis. ROS are produced at higher levels in inflammation and regulate the inflammatory response in specific ways. The role of ROS in inflammation is complex and primarily determined by their relative amount, chemical properties, reactivity, subcellular localization and molecular environment, specificity for their biological targets, and availability and mechanisms of antioxidant defense systems. This eBook comprises twel...
This edited collection explores memories and experiences of genocide, civilian casualties, and other atrocities that occurred after the Second World War.
This book provides a unique, comprehensive, and up-to-date overview of the various NADPH oxidases and narrates the history of their discovery, biochemical characteristics, genetics, molecular structure, and multiple functions in health and disease. It covers the subject in a manner that serves both the expert and the novice researcher in the field. The book starts with an overview of the major milestones in the discovery of the archetypical NADPH oxidase, known as cytochrome b558, and its cytosolic regulators. This is followed by personal recollections by pioneers of the field, descriptions of the work of the major figures of the past by their followers, and a rendering of the history of the...
Michael Graubner investigates consultancies' organizational structure in terms of structural differentiation, specialization, centralization, and formalization. He analyzes extensive qualitative and quantitative data obtained during a series of personal interviews in consulting firms with offices in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The results show that organizational size and to a lesser degree task uncertainty are closely associated with organizational structure.
To produce energy, aerobic organisms transform oxygen molecules into water. This reductive mechanism yields toxic radical intermediates, collectively known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Paradoxically, these physiological processes entail the production of potentially damaging species. Evolution has turned this apparent disadvantage into an opportunity for transmitting information. As a result, redox signaling within the cell is an efficient exquisitely organized process. A key element for its regulation is the physical separation of sources and targets into different cell compartments. Peroxiporins, H2O2 transporting proteins spanning biological membranes, distribute the signal from emit...
The Mediterranean region contains a diverse and interesting climate ranging from areas with permanent glaciers to areas of subtropical, semiarid regions. The region is potentially sensitive to climate change and its progress has environmental, social, and economic implications within and beyond the region. Produced by the Mediterranean Climate Variability and Predictability Research Networking Project, this book reviews the evolution of the Mediterranean climate over the past two millennia with projections further into the twenty-first century as well as examining in detail various aspects of the Mediterranean region's climate including evolution, atmospheric variables, and oceanic and land ...
Nano- and microparticles including crystals, synthetic biomaterials, misfolded proteins or environmental particulates are involved in a wide range of biological processes and diseases. They may present as intrinsic or environmental toxins but may also be applied intentionally, e.g. as immune adjuvants, drug carriers or ion exchangers. The discovery that a wide range of nano- and microparticles share the capacity to induce IL-1β secretion via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells and macrophages has led to the hypothesis that nano- and microparticles may contribute in a uniform mechanistic manner to different disease entities. Other molecular mechanisms triggered by a range...
With contributions by numerous experts
Offering 67 examples of intriguing chairs, this book features chairs by famous names, such as the Campana brothers, Tom Dixon and Marcel Wanders, as well as by lesser-known designers. In addition to large-format images of the completed designs, it includes drawings, prototypes, and photographs of manufacturing processes.