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Functional and structural intricacies of biological systems emerge from the complex nature of the genome. A key aspect of genome complexity can be attributed to the process of alternative splicing of precursor mRNA (or pre-mRNA), during which introns are removed and exons are selectively spliced together. This highly regulated process generates different mature mRNA transcripts from a single gene and is widespread throughout the eukaryotic evolution. The majority of the genes expressed in the mammalian central nervous system undergo extensive alternative splicing. Some genes can generate more than a thousand isoforms resulting in diverse proteoforms that can differ in their function, binding...
The cytoskeleton is the intracellular filament system that controls the morphology of a cell, allows it to move, and provides trafficking routes for intracellular transport. It comprises three major filament systems-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments-along with a host of adaptors, regulators, molecular motors, and additional structural proteins. This textbook presents a comprehensive and up-to-date view of the cytoskeleton, cataloguing its many different components and explaining how they are functionally integrated in different cellular processes. It starts by laying out the basic molecular hardware, before describing in detail how these components are assembled in cells and linked to neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix to maintain tissue architecture. It then surveys the roles of the cytoskeleton in processes such as intracellular transport, cell motility, signal transduction, and cell division. The book is thus essential reading for students learning about intracellular structure. It also represents a vital reference for all cell and developmental biologists working in this field.
Advances in Stem Cells and Their Niches, Volume Three, comprises a compilation of the latest findings on our understanding of skin biology. It extends the current knowledge on skin stem cells and provides in-depth discussions on their unique settings, niches and properties. Chapters in this new release include The biophysical regulation of epidermal fate and function, Epidermal stem cell lineages, Hair shaft progenitors that create a niche for hair pigmentation, Dermal papilla cells control of hair follicle growth and pigmentation, Molecular mechanisms regulating the hair follicle niche, Dermal fibroblasts and their niches and interactions with epidermal stem cells. - Contains chapters written by international leaders in skin biology - Provides a unique compilation of the latest findings and technologies in basic and translational skin biology - Expands current knowledge on the regulation of skin stem cells as isolated entities, focusing on how skin stem cells and lineages of stem cells function in a coordinated manner - Provides illustrations and comprehensive analyses of each subject
Organ shortage is an ongoing problem in many countries. The needless death and suffering which have resulted necessitate an investigation into potential solutions. This examination of contemporary ethical means, both practical and policy-oriented, of reducing the shortfall in organs draws on the experiences of a range of countries. The authors focus on the resolution and negotiation of ethical conflict, examine systems approaches such as the 'Spanish model' and the US Breakthrough Collaboratives, evaluate policy proposals relating to incentives, presumed consent, and modifications regarding end-of-life care, and evaluate the greatly increased use of (non-heart-beating) donors suffering circulatory death, as well as living donors. The proposed strategies and solutions are not only capable of resolving the UK's own organ-shortage crisis, but also of being implemented in other countries grappling with how to address the growing gap between supply and demand for organs.