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Group B Coxsackieviruses
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 349

Group B Coxsackieviruses

At last – a volume that virologists have been waiting for: a fully updated new edition of a major study in a key subject area. The first edition of this work, published in 1997, described the molecular biology of coxsackie B viruses, as well as clinical, epidemiological, and immunological aspects of group B coxsackievirus disease. This brand new edition covers all the research accomplishments of the last ten years in this vital area of medicine, including immunopathology.

RNA Technologies and Their Applications
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 460

RNA Technologies and Their Applications

RNA technologies are the driving forces of modern medicine and biotechnology. They combine the fields of biochemistry, chemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, physics, nanotechnology and bioinformatics. The combination of these topics is set to revolutionize the medicine of tomorrow. After more than 15 years of extensive research in the field of RNA technologies, the first therapeutics are ready to reach the first patients. Thus we are witnessing the birth of a very exciting time in the development of molecular medicine, which will be based on the methods of RNA technologies. This volume is the first of a series. It covers various aspects of RNA interference and microRNAs, although antisense RNA applications, hammerhead ribozyme structure and function as well as non-coding RNAs are also discussed. The authors are internationally highly respected experts in the field of RNA technologies.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase in Health and Disease
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 308

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase in Health and Disease

PI3K has become a very intense area of research, with over 2000 publications on PI3K in PubMed for 2009 alone. The expectations for a therapeutic impact of intervention with PI3K activity are high, and progress in the clinical arena is being monitored by many. However, targeted therapies almost invariably encounter roadblocks, often exposing unresolved questions in the basic understanding of the target

Diverse Effects of Hypoxia on Tumor Progression
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 151

Diverse Effects of Hypoxia on Tumor Progression

Hypoxia, defined as reduced oxygen tension, is a common physiological phenomenon in both normal embryonic development and malignancy progression. Although severe hypoxia is generally toxic for both normal tissue and tumors, neoplastic cells gradually adapt to prolonged hypoxia though additional genetic and genomic changes with a net result that hypoxia promotes tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Hypoxia promotes cancer progression by regulating various aspects of cancer biology, including radiotherapy resistance, metabolism, angiogenesis and invasion/migration

Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 180

Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions

In this volume, the editors have collected the knowledgeable insights of a number of leaders in this field - researchers who have achieved success in addressing the difficult problem of inhibiting protein-protein interactions. These researchers describe their unique approaches, and share experiences, results, thoughts, and opinions. The content of the articles is rich, and in terms of scope ranges from generalized approaches to specific case studies. There are various focal points, including methodologies and the molecules themselves. Ultimately, there are numerous lessons to be taken away from this collection, and the editors hope that this snapshot of the current state of the art in developing protein-protein inhibitors not only pays tribute to the past successes, but also generates excitement about the future potential of this field

NF-kB in Health and Disease
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 273

NF-kB in Health and Disease

Nearly 25 years of intensive research have uncovered many diverse functions for the dimeric transcription factor known as NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB). NF-kappaB affects most aspects of cellular physiology—from immunity and inflammation to apoptosis, cell survival, growth, and proliferation

Vaccines against Allergies
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 188

Vaccines against Allergies

We are celebrating this year the hundred years ́ anniversary of allergen-specific immunotherapy. In 1911 Leonard Noon published his seminal work “Prophylactic inoculation against hay fever” describing his attempts to achieve active immunity against “grass pollen toxin” by administering increasing doses of grass pollen extract before the grass pollen season to allergic patients. Although it was unknown at that time that allergy represents an immunological hypersensitivity disease, the treatment was effective and many observations made by Noon remained valid until today. Today allergen-specific immunotherapy is well established as the only allergen-specific and disease-modifying treatment for IgE-mediated allergies and has long-lasting effects. In fact, more than 25% of the population suffer from IgE-mediated allergies which therefore represent a major health burden of our society, particularly because untreated allergy often progresses to severe disabling forms of disease, such as asthma and sometimes kills sensitized people through anaphylaxis.

Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Infection via the Gut
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 263

Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Infection via the Gut

Our gut is colonized by numerous bacteria throughout our life, and the gut epithelium is constantly exposed to foreign microbes and dietary antigens. Thus, the gut epithelium acts as a barrier against microbial invaders and is equipped with various innate defense systems. Resident commensal and foreign invading bacteria interact intimately with the gut epithelium and can impact host cellular and innate immune responses. From the perspective of many pathogenic bacteria, the gut epithelium serves as an infectious foothold and port of entry for disseminate into deeper tissues. In some instances when the intestinal defense activity and host immune system become compromised, even commensal and op...

Immunological Synapse
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 265

Immunological Synapse

The proper physiological functioning of most eukaryotic cells requires their assembly into multi-cellular tissues that form organized organ systems. Cells of the immune system develop in bone marrow and lymphoid organs, but as the cells mature they leave these organs and circulate as single cells. Antigen receptors (TCRs) of T cells search for membrane MHC proteins that are bound to peptides derived from infectious pathogens or cellular transformations. The detection of such speci?c peptide–MHC antigens initiates T cell activation, adhesion, and immune-effectors functions. Studies of normal and transformed T cell lines and of T cells from transgenic mice led to comprehensive understanding ...

Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 514

Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza

Recent years have seen unprecedented outbreaks of avian influenza A viruses. In particular, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have not only resulted in widespread outbreaks in domestic poultry, but have been transmitted to humans, resulting in numerous fatalities. The rapid expansion in their geographic distribution and the possibility that these viruses could acquire the ability to spread from person to person raises the risk that such a virus could cause a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. An effective influenza vaccine represents the best approach to prevent and control such an emerging pandemic. However, current influenza vaccines are directed at existing seasonal influenza...